Passive solar energy system
Introduction
Passive solar architecture includes the modeling, selection and use of correct passive solar technology, which maintains the surroundings of a home at a pleasant temperature, through the Sun, every day of the year. As a result, the use of active solar technology, renewable energies and, above all, technologies based on fossil fuels is minimized.
Among several authors, the one who helped consolidate the term was the architect Edward Mazria in 1978 with his book The Passive Solar Energy Book[1] resulting from his research in the period 1975 to 1977 at the University of New Mexico.
Passive solar architecture is only a small part of energy efficient building design, which in turn is another part of sustainable design, although these terms are often mistakenly used as synonyms (passive solar architecture is not related to concepts such as ventilation "Ventilation (architecture)"), evaporative cooling, or life cycle analysis "Life cycle (environment)")).
Key concepts
Direct solar gain
Direct solar gain involves the use of windows, skylights and blinds to control the amount of direct solar radiation that reaches the interior of a home. The use of sunny windows combined with high-mass floors is a simple example of this use.
Traditionally, these direct solar gain systems have not been well considered, especially due to the high cost of well-thermally insulated glass, with R-values comparable to wall insulation. This is changing radically in Europe, where super-insulating windows are being developed to help implement the German passive solar house standard.
Indirect solar gain
Indirect solar gain is that obtained through the skin of the building, which has been designed with a thermal mass (such as a water tank or a solid wall covered by glass). The heat accumulated by this mass is transferred to the interior of the building indirectly by conduction or convection. Examples of this technique are: the trombe wall, water walls, or the installation of small ponds on a roof. The garden roof is also a representative example.
In practice, these systems are often criticized for being difficult to control, in addition to the high price of insulating glass.