Passive solar systems are mainly used to capture and accumulate heat from solar energy. They are called passive since other electromechanical devices (recirculating pumps), fans, etc.) are not used to collect heat. This happens due to basic physical principles such as heat conduction, radiation and convection.
Classification
direct profit
It is the simplest system and involves capturing the sun's energy through glass surfaces that are sized for each orientation and depending on the heat needs of the building or premises to be air-conditioned.
Non-ventilated accumulation wall
It is a wall built of stone, bricks, concrete or even water painted black or a very dark color on the outside. To improve capture, a property of glass is used, which is to generate a greenhouse effect, in which visible light passes through the glass and when it reaches the wall it heats it, emitting in this process an amount of infrared radiation that is contained by the glass. For this reason, the temperature of the air chamber between the wall and the glass rises.
Ventilated accumulation wall
Also known as Trombe wall. Similar to the previous one but incorporates holes at the top and bottom to facilitate heat transfer between the wall and the environment through convection that adds to the radiation contribution.
Attached greenhouse
They consist of closed glass enclosures built on the south face (for the northern hemisphere and north for the southern hemisphere) of the building. Depending on the climate and its intended use, there may be a separation wall with the inhabited part of the building or another type of storage. It serves to stabilize the temperature both in the greenhouse and in the home. In some cases the greenhouse is used to preheat the air that enters the interior of the building.
Passive solar control
Introduction
Passive solar systems are mainly used to capture and accumulate heat from solar energy. They are called passive since other electromechanical devices (recirculating pumps), fans, etc.) are not used to collect heat. This happens due to basic physical principles such as heat conduction, radiation and convection.
Classification
direct profit
It is the simplest system and involves capturing the sun's energy through glass surfaces that are sized for each orientation and depending on the heat needs of the building or premises to be air-conditioned.
Non-ventilated accumulation wall
It is a wall built of stone, bricks, concrete or even water painted black or a very dark color on the outside. To improve capture, a property of glass is used, which is to generate a greenhouse effect, in which visible light passes through the glass and when it reaches the wall it heats it, emitting in this process an amount of infrared radiation that is contained by the glass. For this reason, the temperature of the air chamber between the wall and the glass rises.
Ventilated accumulation wall
Also known as Trombe wall. Similar to the previous one but incorporates holes at the top and bottom to facilitate heat transfer between the wall and the environment through convection that adds to the radiation contribution.
Attached greenhouse
They consist of closed glass enclosures built on the south face (for the northern hemisphere and north for the southern hemisphere) of the building. Depending on the climate and its intended use, there may be a separation wall with the inhabited part of the building or another type of storage. It serves to stabilize the temperature both in the greenhouse and in the home. In some cases the greenhouse is used to preheat the air that enters the interior of the building.
The temperature inside can vary greatly between day and night, which is why it is not very useful as a home if adequate control is not used, which may consist of simple blinds for the night period or the use of auxiliary heating.
Greenhouses can take on a wide range of geometric shapes, with all four glass walls (including the roof) or opaque side walls. In order to take advantage of the heat energy accumulated in the greenhouse or gallery, fans can be installed to blow the air into the home.
The advantages of using greenhouses and glazed galleries are that the climate of the homes is significantly improved by placing a compensating area between the inhabited space and the outside. It can occupy all or only part of the south façade of the building, both in height and width, thereby reducing the amount of work and ventilation losses.
Among the drawbacks you can see the overheating problems that can occur in summer, the large fluctuations experienced by its interior temperature and the cost of its construction, which is usually higher than the energy gains it provides, if they are not compensated with other benefits, such as stays during certain periods of the year.
Heat accumulation roof
In certain latitudes it is possible to use the roof surface to capture and accumulate the sun's energy. Also known as solar ponds, they require complex mobile devices to prevent heat from escaping during the night.
Solar collection and heat accumulation
It is a more complex system and allows combining direct gain through windows with solar air or hot water collectors to accumulate it under the floor. Then, in a similar way to the ventilated accumulator wall, the heat is taken to the interior environment. Properly sized it allows heat to be accumulated for seven or more days.
In almost all cases they can be used as passive cooling systems, reversing the direction of operation.
Sizing methods
At an international level, several methods are recognized for the pre-sizing and sizing of various passive solar systems. Among the main ones are the Collector Load Quotient models") [1] developed by Douglas Balcomb"),[1] the Mazria Method") developed by Edward Mazria and in almost all cases supported by the fundamental solar equations of Duffie & Beckman").[2].
The methods developed by Balcomb and Mazria are simplified models of the complex physical and thermal phenomena that occur in a passive solar system in interaction with the interior and exterior environments. They are procedures that facilitate the relatively quick pre-sizing of a passive system, but verification will always be required using a numerical simulation system in a transient state.") In this case, there are numerous programs available for free or paid use. Among the free systems, the simplest is SIMEDIF")[2] developed by Dras Graciela Lesino") and Silvana Flores Larsen") of the National Institute of Non-Conventional Energy INENCO") of the National University of Salta and among the most sophisticated the Energy Plus")[3] Archived on February 5, 2011 at the Wayback Machine. from the United States Department of Energy [4]. Among the payments, the one with the greatest international use and comparison model in terms of reliability, performance and ductility is the "The Transient Energy System Simulation Tool" TRNSyS [5] developed in Fortran language. Among the commercial ones, the most used is Design Builder") [6] developed by Andy Tindale") in the United Kingdom, accompanying the first Breeam sustainable building certification protocol").
References
[1] ↑ Balcomb J.D. (1980) Passive Solar Design Handbook (Volumen 1 y 2. National Technical Information Service).
[2] ↑ John A. Duffie y William A. Beckman. (2006) Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. Edit. John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-69867-8. Última edición revisada de la original publicada en 1978.
The temperature inside can vary greatly between day and night, which is why it is not very useful as a home if adequate control is not used, which may consist of simple blinds for the night period or the use of auxiliary heating.
Greenhouses can take on a wide range of geometric shapes, with all four glass walls (including the roof) or opaque side walls. In order to take advantage of the heat energy accumulated in the greenhouse or gallery, fans can be installed to blow the air into the home.
The advantages of using greenhouses and glazed galleries are that the climate of the homes is significantly improved by placing a compensating area between the inhabited space and the outside. It can occupy all or only part of the south façade of the building, both in height and width, thereby reducing the amount of work and ventilation losses.
Among the drawbacks you can see the overheating problems that can occur in summer, the large fluctuations experienced by its interior temperature and the cost of its construction, which is usually higher than the energy gains it provides, if they are not compensated with other benefits, such as stays during certain periods of the year.
Heat accumulation roof
In certain latitudes it is possible to use the roof surface to capture and accumulate the sun's energy. Also known as solar ponds, they require complex mobile devices to prevent heat from escaping during the night.
Solar collection and heat accumulation
It is a more complex system and allows combining direct gain through windows with solar air or hot water collectors to accumulate it under the floor. Then, in a similar way to the ventilated accumulator wall, the heat is taken to the interior environment. Properly sized it allows heat to be accumulated for seven or more days.
In almost all cases they can be used as passive cooling systems, reversing the direction of operation.
Sizing methods
At an international level, several methods are recognized for the pre-sizing and sizing of various passive solar systems. Among the main ones are the Collector Load Quotient models") [1] developed by Douglas Balcomb"),[1] the Mazria Method") developed by Edward Mazria and in almost all cases supported by the fundamental solar equations of Duffie & Beckman").[2].
The methods developed by Balcomb and Mazria are simplified models of the complex physical and thermal phenomena that occur in a passive solar system in interaction with the interior and exterior environments. They are procedures that facilitate the relatively quick pre-sizing of a passive system, but verification will always be required using a numerical simulation system in a transient state.") In this case, there are numerous programs available for free or paid use. Among the free systems, the simplest is SIMEDIF")[2] developed by Dras Graciela Lesino") and Silvana Flores Larsen") of the National Institute of Non-Conventional Energy INENCO") of the National University of Salta and among the most sophisticated the Energy Plus")[3] Archived on February 5, 2011 at the Wayback Machine. from the United States Department of Energy [4]. Among the payments, the one with the greatest international use and comparison model in terms of reliability, performance and ductility is the "The Transient Energy System Simulation Tool" TRNSyS [5] developed in Fortran language. Among the commercial ones, the most used is Design Builder") [6] developed by Andy Tindale") in the United Kingdom, accompanying the first Breeam sustainable building certification protocol").
References
[1] ↑ Balcomb J.D. (1980) Passive Solar Design Handbook (Volumen 1 y 2. National Technical Information Service).
[2] ↑ John A. Duffie y William A. Beckman. (2006) Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes. Edit. John Wiley & Sons Inc. ISBN 978-0-471-69867-8. Última edición revisada de la original publicada en 1978.