Other transport equipment
Introduction
Light Load Carrying Equipment, or MOLLE, is a load carrying equipment carrier used by various NATO armed forces, especially the British Army and the United States Army since the late 1990s. MOLLE uses Pouch Attachment Ladder System (PALS) webbing, rows of strong nylon sewn into the equipment, to secure the equipment. This method has been used on civilian equipment and as a result the term MOLLE is used outside of the military for PALS type webbing.
The modularity of the system results from the fact that the PALS allows the connection of several compatible bags and accessories. This attachment method has become a de facto standard for modular tactical equipment, replacing the Multipurpose Lightweight Individual Carry Equipment (ALICE) system used in early modular vest systems, which is still used in many police forces.[1][2].
History
Even before the introduction of MOLLE, a lightweight system of load carrying equipment had been developed. Known as the Integrated Individual Combat System (IIFS) and also LBV-88, it was intended to replace the old Light Individual Transport Equipment for Multiple Purposes (ALICE). The IIFS has its roots in the vests used by the US Navy SEALS and other special operations forces in Vietnam. Developed at Natick, it consisted of the Tactical Individual Load Bearing Vest (ITLBV) and the Field Pack, Large, Internal Frame (FPLIF). A modified version of the former Vietnam-era M1967 Modernized Cargo Carrier Equipment (MLCE) combat campaign package was adopted for use in the system. Called the Combat Patrol Package, it was actually used as a three-day package for training purposes. The IIFS was intended to replace the ALICE system in infantry units, although ALICE was also planned to be used in most other units. Attached to the vest were four ammunition pockets capable of holding 30-round magazines for the M16 rifle. Although the IIFS did not serve its intended purpose, it laid the foundation for future teams.
MOLLE was developed at Natick Laboratories in the mid-1990s, following the introduction of the IIFS. Army leaders believed that the PALS system now presented an opportunity to completely change the way equipment was manufactured. It was conceived as a lighter, more durable system for transporting equipment and lightening the soldier's load. The MOLLE system was introduced in 1997, but did not experience widespread problems until after the attacks of September 11, 2001, and was used by US troops serving in Afghanistan and Iraq. Early criticism of the MOLLE system arose, particularly from the Army. Much of this criticism has focused on the support load pack and frame, due to the external plastic frame being too fragile and subject to breaking in the field (a problem that has since been mitigated), that the zippers have a tendency to burst when completely full, and that the pack straps lack sufficient length to be used with bulky body armor.[2] The first generation of this system used a ball joint between the frame and the backpack belt (which in turn formed the belt of the MOLLE vest). This method caused numerous lower back injuries because the ball (mounted on the frame) did not fit into the belt and hurt the user's body. The subsequent redesign of the SDS MOLLE led to the removal of this feature and the vest (FLC) and backpack/frame became separate non-integral items.