Other refrigeration systems
Introduction
Definition and context of alternative refrigeration systems
Refrigeration systems are technologies designed to generate cold and maintain controlled temperatures in various environments and facilities. Beyond conventional systems based on mechanical vapor compression, there is a wide range of other refrigeration systems that use different principles to achieve refrigeration. These alternative systems are adapted to specific needs, optimizing energy consumption, environmental sustainability and operational efficiency.
The diversity of these systems responds to the growing demand for innovative solutions in industrial, commercial and residential sectors, where operating conditions, availability of resources and environmental restrictions influence the selection of the appropriate refrigeration system. This article details the different types of other refrigeration systems, their operation, applications, advantages, disadvantages and relevant aspects for their maintenance.
Types of other refrigeration systems
Absorption systems
Absorption systems are an alternative to mechanical compression systems that use a heat source to generate the refrigeration effect. Instead of an electric compressor, these systems employ a thermochemical cycle based on the absorption and desorption of a refrigerant by an absorbent, commonly lithium bromide or ammonia with water.
The cycle begins with the generation of refrigerant vapor by applying heat in the generator. This vapor passes to the condenser where it liquefies, then expands and absorbs heat in the evaporator to generate cold. Finally, the refrigerant is absorbed back into the absorber, closing the cycle. Its use is frequent in applications where waste heat or alternative thermal sources are available.
Among the advantages are its low electrical consumption and silent operation, while its limitations include lower energy efficiency compared to mechanical systems and larger equipment dimensions.