Transmission of heat generated in the conductor

To prevent the conductor from melting, the heat generated by the Joule effect must be transferred. To improve this thermal transmission, heaters generally have a larger contact area or surface with the medium that surrounds them. Depending on the application, heat is transferred in one or more of the 3 possible ways.

Construction

If the heat losses to the environment are less than the watts generated by the Joule effect, the temperature will continue to increase and the conductor may melt. Therefore, in the design of heaters (which work between approximately 50 and 1150 °C) it is important to correctly calculate the thermal balance in the filament; that the temperature control works well; and to consider materials that are not as good conductors, that do not melt, oxidize or fracture at the working temperature and atmosphere, and whose resistivity changes very little with temperature. Halogens.

The set of alloys for heaters (Nichrome, Chromax, Constantan and Nickel-Copper-Zinc) are called "resistive materials".

Types of heaters

Currently on the market you can find different types of heaters. Normally the most used for the home are small heaters. The types of heaters that exist are the following: Electric heaters, convectors, ceramic, infrared, fan heaters and heating panels. All of these are very suitable for use at home.

Both halogen (also called infrared) and quartz stoves emit practically the same level of heat. Halogen heaters are usually mobile and are used to heat a part of the room occasionally.[5] Halogen stoves are a little more expensive than quartz stoves, they emit a lot of light and the heat emission is instantaneous, they generally have rotating bases and can be plugged in for long periods of time.

While quartz stoves are cheaper, they emit little light, take a few minutes to start emitting heat (although there is not much difference) and are designed to be plugged in for short periods of time.[6]​ The mica radiator (mica panel, mica convector, quartz radiator, ceramic radiators or infrared stoves) is an electric heating system that has one or more quartz tubes (resistances) that are heated using energy electrical.[7]​.

An electric emitter is an electric radiator, but with low consumption.[8]​ Some include Wi-Fi to program them.[9]​.

An oil radiator works through a process in which a thermal fluid (called "oil") is heated. This fluid (which we call oil) is specially formulated and is what distributes heat evenly throughout the radiator, transferring heat to the metal which, in this way, transports heat to the room. The heat is then circulated around the room by natural convection, as any air that hits the radiator is heated. This ultimately causes the entire room to heat up since the coldest air will reach the bottom of the room, come into contact with the radiator and also heat up.[10]​ They are low consumption since they only use an average of between 2,000 and 3,000 W of power, they maintain heat once they have been turned off, and their design is quite light.[11]​.

Radiant panels diffuse heat by electromagnetic infrared radiation, by convection and some more recent models also by inertia, although this is not usually very common.[12] Like the sun, radiant panels emit heat by radiation, transmitting it directly to the people, objects and walls of the room, creating an environment of maximum well-being and comfort. With radiation heating systems, heat losses through windows are minimized, since the radiation does not pass through the glass. In this way, the same comfort is obtained with a lower air temperature, which provides healthier heat and energy savings of more than 25%.[13] Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not depend on any contact between the heat source and the heated object (such as air); Heat can be transmitted through space by thermal or infrared radiation.[14]​.

A convector is a heating system that works by convection. Inside it has resistors that, when connected to the electric current, heat the air that circulates through them and raise it by expelling it to the outside through grilles.[15]​.

The ceramic heater is a type of electric heater that, after connecting it to the electric current, heats the ceramic plates inside and the heater fan distributes the heat generated.[16]​.

Thermofans are electric heaters that use a ventilation system to distribute the hot air produced, regardless of the way in which they heat it (although most are ceramic).[17]​.

Transmission of heat generated in the conductor

To prevent the conductor from melting, the heat generated by the Joule effect must be transferred. To improve this thermal transmission, heaters generally have a larger contact area or surface with the medium that surrounds them. Depending on the application, heat is transferred in one or more of the 3 possible ways.

Construction

If the heat losses to the environment are less than the watts generated by the Joule effect, the temperature will continue to increase and the conductor may melt. Therefore, in the design of heaters (which work between approximately 50 and 1150 °C) it is important to correctly calculate the thermal balance in the filament; that the temperature control works well; and to consider materials that are not as good conductors, that do not melt, oxidize or fracture at the working temperature and atmosphere, and whose resistivity changes very little with temperature. Halogens.

The set of alloys for heaters (Nichrome, Chromax, Constantan and Nickel-Copper-Zinc) are called "resistive materials".

Types of heaters

Currently on the market you can find different types of heaters. Normally the most used for the home are small heaters. The types of heaters that exist are the following: Electric heaters, convectors, ceramic, infrared, fan heaters and heating panels. All of these are very suitable for use at home.

Both halogen (also called infrared) and quartz stoves emit practically the same level of heat. Halogen heaters are usually mobile and are used to heat a part of the room occasionally.[5] Halogen stoves are a little more expensive than quartz stoves, they emit a lot of light and the heat emission is instantaneous, they generally have rotating bases and can be plugged in for long periods of time.

While quartz stoves are cheaper, they emit little light, take a few minutes to start emitting heat (although there is not much difference) and are designed to be plugged in for short periods of time.[6]​ The mica radiator (mica panel, mica convector, quartz radiator, ceramic radiators or infrared stoves) is an electric heating system that has one or more quartz tubes (resistances) that are heated using energy electrical.[7]​.

An electric emitter is an electric radiator, but with low consumption.[8]​ Some include Wi-Fi to program them.[9]​.

An oil radiator works through a process in which a thermal fluid (called "oil") is heated. This fluid (which we call oil) is specially formulated and is what distributes heat evenly throughout the radiator, transferring heat to the metal which, in this way, transports heat to the room. The heat is then circulated around the room by natural convection, as any air that hits the radiator is heated. This ultimately causes the entire room to heat up since the coldest air will reach the bottom of the room, come into contact with the radiator and also heat up.[10]​ They are low consumption since they only use an average of between 2,000 and 3,000 W of power, they maintain heat once they have been turned off, and their design is quite light.[11]​.

Radiant panels diffuse heat by electromagnetic infrared radiation, by convection and some more recent models also by inertia, although this is not usually very common.[12] Like the sun, radiant panels emit heat by radiation, transmitting it directly to the people, objects and walls of the room, creating an environment of maximum well-being and comfort. With radiation heating systems, heat losses through windows are minimized, since the radiation does not pass through the glass. In this way, the same comfort is obtained with a lower air temperature, which provides healthier heat and energy savings of more than 25%.[13] Radiation is a method of heat transfer that does not depend on any contact between the heat source and the heated object (such as air); Heat can be transmitted through space by thermal or infrared radiation.[14]​.

A convector is a heating system that works by convection. Inside it has resistors that, when connected to the electric current, heat the air that circulates through them and raise it by expelling it to the outside through grilles.[15]​.

The ceramic heater is a type of electric heater that, after connecting it to the electric current, heats the ceramic plates inside and the heater fan distributes the heat generated.[16]​.

Thermofans are electric heaters that use a ventilation system to distribute the hot air produced, regardless of the way in which they heat it (although most are ceramic).[17]​.