Inductive proximity sensors have been designed to work by generating a magnetic field and detecting the current losses of said field generated when ferrous detection objects are introduced into it.

The sensor consists of a ferrite core coil "Ferrite (ferromagnetic ceramic)"), an oscillator, a signal trigger level sensor and an output circuit.

As a "metallic" object approaches, hysteresis currents are induced in the object. Due to this there is a loss of energy and a lower amplitude of oscillation. The sensing circuit then recognizes a specific change in amplitude and generates a signal that switches the solid state output or "ON" and "OFF" position.

The operation is similar to the capacitive one; The coil detects the object when there is a change in the electromagnetic field and sends the signal to the oscillator, then the trigger is activated and finally the output circuit transitions between open or closed.

The infrared receiver is usually a photodiode. The output circuit uses the signal from the receiver to amplify it and adapt it to an output that the system can understand. The signal sent by the transmitter can be encoded to distinguish it from another and thus identify several sensors at the same time. This is widely used in robotics in cases where you need to have more than one infrared emitter and you only want to have one receiver.

There are three types of photoelectric sensors, light barrier sensors, mirror reflection or object reflection.

Ultrasonic sensors are proximity detectors that work free of mechanical friction and detect objects at distances of up to 8 m. The sensor emits ultrasonic pulses.

These are reflected in an object, the sensor receives the echo produced and converts it into electrical signals, which are processed in the evaluation device. These sensors work only in air, and can detect objects with different shapes, surfaces and made of different materials.

The materials can be solid, liquid or powdery, however they must be sound deflectors. The sensors work according to the echo time, that is, the temporal distance between the emission pulse and the echo pulse is evaluated.

This sensor, not requiring physical contact with the object, offers the possibility of detecting fragile objects, such as fresh paint; In addition, it detects any material, regardless of color, at the same range, without adjustment or correction factor.

Ultrasonic sensors have a learning function to define the detection field, with a minimum and maximum precision range of 6 mm.

The problem with these devices is blind zones and the problem of false alarms. The blind zone is the area between the sensitive side of the detector and the minimum range in which no object can be reliably detected.

Magnetic proximity sensors are characterized by the possibility of large switching distances, available from sensors with small dimensions. They detect magnetic objects (usually permanent magnets) that are used to trigger the switching process. Magnetic fields can pass through many non-magnetic materials, the switching process can also be triggered without the need for direct exposure to the object. Using magnetic conductors (e.g. iron), the magnetic field can be transmitted over greater distances to, for example, be able to carry the signal from high temperature areas.

Inductive proximity sensors have been designed to work by generating a magnetic field and detecting the current losses of said field generated when ferrous detection objects are introduced into it.

The sensor consists of a ferrite core coil "Ferrite (ferromagnetic ceramic)"), an oscillator, a signal trigger level sensor and an output circuit.

As a "metallic" object approaches, hysteresis currents are induced in the object. Due to this there is a loss of energy and a lower amplitude of oscillation. The sensing circuit then recognizes a specific change in amplitude and generates a signal that switches the solid state output or "ON" and "OFF" position.

The operation is similar to the capacitive one; The coil detects the object when there is a change in the electromagnetic field and sends the signal to the oscillator, then the trigger is activated and finally the output circuit transitions between open or closed.

The infrared receiver is usually a photodiode. The output circuit uses the signal from the receiver to amplify it and adapt it to an output that the system can understand. The signal sent by the transmitter can be encoded to distinguish it from another and thus identify several sensors at the same time. This is widely used in robotics in cases where you need to have more than one infrared emitter and you only want to have one receiver.

There are three types of photoelectric sensors, light barrier sensors, mirror reflection or object reflection.

Ultrasonic sensors are proximity detectors that work free of mechanical friction and detect objects at distances of up to 8 m. The sensor emits ultrasonic pulses.

These are reflected in an object, the sensor receives the echo produced and converts it into electrical signals, which are processed in the evaluation device. These sensors work only in air, and can detect objects with different shapes, surfaces and made of different materials.

The materials can be solid, liquid or powdery, however they must be sound deflectors. The sensors work according to the echo time, that is, the temporal distance between the emission pulse and the echo pulse is evaluated.

This sensor, not requiring physical contact with the object, offers the possibility of detecting fragile objects, such as fresh paint; In addition, it detects any material, regardless of color, at the same range, without adjustment or correction factor.

Ultrasonic sensors have a learning function to define the detection field, with a minimum and maximum precision range of 6 mm.

The problem with these devices is blind zones and the problem of false alarms. The blind zone is the area between the sensitive side of the detector and the minimum range in which no object can be reliably detected.

Magnetic proximity sensors are characterized by the possibility of large switching distances, available from sensors with small dimensions. They detect magnetic objects (usually permanent magnets) that are used to trigger the switching process. Magnetic fields can pass through many non-magnetic materials, the switching process can also be triggered without the need for direct exposure to the object. Using magnetic conductors (e.g. iron), the magnetic field can be transmitted over greater distances to, for example, be able to carry the signal from high temperature areas.