Non-Conformity Management
Introduction
In quality management, a nonconformity (also known as a defect) is a deviation from a specification, a "Norm (technology)" standard, or an expectation. It can be classified in multiple ways, although a typical classification scheme may have three to four levels, including critical, major, important, and minor defects.[1][2][3][4].
While some situations allow "nonconforming" and "defective" to be used synonymously, some industries distinguish between the two; Nonconformity represents a failure to meet an intended state and specification, while a defect represents a failure to meet normal usage requirements. requirement. A similar distinction is made between validation and verification.
Classification (types) of non-conformity
When ensuring the quality of a product or service, the classification of non-conformities (non-conformities) is important, as it provides an opportunity to better reduce them.[1].
NASA recognizes the following types of nonconformity:[6][7].
Minor Nonconformity (NCm) - Any nonconformity that does not adversely affect airworthiness, performance, durability, interchangeability, reliability, maintainability, effective use or operation, weight or appearance (where this is a factor), health or safety. Multiple minor nonconformities when considered collectively can elevate the category to a major or critical nonconformity.
Major Nonconformity (NCM) - Any non-critical nonconformity that may result in failure or materially reduce the usability of the product for its intended purpose (i.e., effective use or operation, weight or appearance (where this is a factor), health or safety) and that cannot be completely eliminated by remanufacturing or reduced to a minor nonconformity by approved repair.
Critical nonconformity -Any nonconformity that may result in dangerous or unsafe conditions for people who use, maintain or depend on the product or impede the performance of a vital mission of the organization.
The ENAC, for its part, only recognizes the first two types of non-conformity[8].
Sources of disagreement
The causes of nonconformity are not unlimited and therefore are determinable. Common causes of deficiencies include:[1].
References
- [1] ↑ a b c Hoyle, D. (2009). «36. Corrective Action». ISO 9000 Quality Systems Handbook: Using the Standards as a Framework for Business Improvement. Routledge. pp. 687-704. ISBN 9781856176842.: https://books.google.com/books?id=HWNWdBisJcoC&pg=PA691
- [2] ↑ a b Berger, R.W.; Benbow, D.W.; Elshannawy, A.K., eds. (2007). «Chapter 22 B. Material Control». The Certified Quality Engineer Handbook. ASQ Quality Press. pp. 183-189. ISBN 9780873897006.: https://books.google.com/books?id=3bYsth3j8eQC&pg=PA188
- [3] ↑ Dorf, R.C., ed. (1998). The Technology Management Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 13-34. ISBN 9780849385773.: https://archive.org/details/electricalengine00dorf_959
- [4] ↑ Mitra, A. (2016). «Chapter 8: Control Charts for Attributes». Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118705445.: https://books.google.com/books?id=pY_nCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT568
- [5] ↑ «ISO/IEC 25010:2011 Systems and software engineering -- Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) -- System and software quality models». International Organization for Standardization. March 2011. Consultado el 22 de febrero de 2018.: https://www.iso.org/standard/35733.html
- [6] ↑ «Inconformidad (calidad)». Copro, la enciclopedia libre. Consultado el 5 de enero de 2020.: https://copro.com.ar/Inconformidad_%28calidad%29.html