Node city
Introduction
Dortmund (pronounced (); Low German: Düörpm; Latin: Tremonia, traditional Hispanic name) is a German city located in the federal state "Land (Germany)") of North Rhine-Westphalia, is located in the Ruhr Region of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan macro-region and is the eighth largest in Germany and the third largest in the federal state, apart from that it is the largest city in the Ruhr Region by population (at the end of 2024).[2] It is considered the administrative, commercial and cultural center of the eastern Ruhr. The Ruhr River flows south of the city, and the small Emscher River runs through the municipal area. The Dortmund-Ems canal also ends in the port of Dortmund, which is the largest European canal port, and has links from Dortmund to the North Sea. Dortmund is known as the "green metropolis" of Westphalia.
Founded around the year 882, Dortmund became an Imperial Free City. Over the centuries and was the "main city" of the Rhine, Westphalia and the Dutch Circle of the Hanseatic League. After the Thirty Years' War, the city was destroyed and its importance declined until the beginning of industrialization. The city then became one of the most important coal, steel and beer production centers in Germany. Dortmund was one of the most bombed cities in Germany during World War II. The devastating bombing raids of March 12, 1945 destroyed 98% of the buildings in the city center. These bombings, with more than 1,110 aircraft, maintain the record for a single target in World War II.[3].
The region has adapted since the collapse of its centuries-old steel and coal industries and has moved into high-tech biomedical technology, microsystems technology and also services. In 2009, Dortmund was classified as a Node city in the Innovative Cities Index published by 2thinknow; It is the most sustainable and digital city in Germany. Today, Dortmund is home to numerous cultural and educational institutions, including the Technical University of Dortmund and the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the International School of Management and other educational, cultural and administrative facilities with more than 49,000 students.[4][5][6].
History
At the beginning of the century, as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, the territory that includes this state became part of the Confederation of the Rhine.
During the First French Empire the part of the region west of the Rhine River was designated as the Department of the Roer. In 1807 Jerome Bonaparte was named king of Westphalia.