Neuroarchitecture architecture
Introduction
Marcel Just is a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. His research uses brain imaging (fMRI) in high-level cognitive tasks to study the neuroarchitecture of cognition. Just's areas of expertise include psycholinguistics, object recognition, and autism, with a focus on cognitive and neural substrates. Just directs the Center for Cognitive Brain Imaging and is a member of the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition at CMU.
Investigation
Mind reading
Marcel Just, Tom Mitchell and their colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University are conducting research on "thought identification" using fMRI.[1] Using machine learning techniques, they have been able to identify patterns of brain activation that are reliably associated with the concept of different objects. These signature patterns could be generalized across different participants, so that the authors could correctly identify which object a participant was thinking about by analyzing the corresponding brain activation. A demonstration of their system was shown on the CBS show 60 Minutes. Just and Nancy Minshew are known for the subconnectivity hypothesis of autism, which posits that autism is characterized by insufficient functioning of high-level neural connections and synchronization, along with an excess of low-level processes. level.[4] Evidence for this theory has been found in functional neuroimaging studies in autistic individuals[5] and in a brain wave study that suggested that adults with ASD have local overconnectivity in the cortex and weak functional connections between the frontal lobe and the rest of the cortex.[6].
Computational cognitive modeling
Marcel Just also co-developed with Sashank Varma 4CAPS, a cognitive architecture that specifies how different cortical regions of the brain collaborate to perform specific tasks.[7] The 4CAPS model has been used to explain behavioral and brain imaging data in different experimental tasks.[7][8].
References
- [1] ↑ «Marcel Just D O Hebb Professor of Psychology». Carnegie Mellon University. Consultado el 18 de abril de 2013.: http://www.cmu.edu/news/experts/alphabetical/just.html
- [2] ↑ Mitchell TM, Shinkareva SV, Carlson A, Chang KM, Malave VL, Mason RA, Just MA (2008). «Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated with the Meanings of Nouns». Science 320 (4): 1191-1195. PMID 18511683. doi:10.1126/science.1152876.: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;320/5880/1191
- [3] ↑ «'60 Minutes': Brain power Video Transcript». cnettv.cnet.com (en inglés). 11 de marzo de 2008. Archivado desde el original el 1 de abril de 2009.: https://web.archive.org/web/20090401195150/http://cnettv.cnet.com/2001-1_53-50004321.html
- [4] ↑ Just MA, Cherkassky VL, Keller TA, Kana RK, Minshew NJ (2007). «Functional and anatomical cortical underconnectivity in autism: evidence from an FMRI study of an executive function task and corpus callosum morphometry». Cereb Cortex 17 (4): 951-61. PMC 4500121. PMID 16772313. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl006.: https://es.wikipedia.org//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4500121
- [5] ↑ Williams DL, Goldstein G, Minshew NJ (2006). «Neuropsychologic functioning in children with autism: further evidence for disordered complex information-processing». Child Neuropsychol 12 (4–5): 279-98. PMC 1803025. PMID 16911973. doi:10.1080/09297040600681190.: https://es.wikipedia.org//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1803025