Neighborhood architecture
Introduction
A neighborhood (from the Hispanic Arabic bárri, 'outer', and this from the Arabic برّيّ barrī, 'wild'[1]) or colony (in countries that were part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain), is any subdivision, with its own identity, of a city, town "Pueblo (rural population)"), parish "Parish (civil)") or populated center. Its origin may be an administrative decision, inferior to the municipality and the district, an urban planning initiative (for example, the set of houses that a company builds for the workers of one of its factories) or, simply, a common sense of belonging of its inhabitants based on proximity or history, and often reinforced by antagonism with another adjacent neighborhood. It should not be confused with "neighborhood", since the latter implies "neighbor status" or more direct proximity.
Cities and their neighborhoods are not only a collection of buildings, but above all a set of social relationships developed by their inhabitants. Cities and their neighborhoods are characterized by a wide variety of social groups and lifestyles. An urban structure represents an urban complex that acquires a formal order, so that it is not linked to a random phenomenon, but to an intervention dominated and understood as such. The urban structure is to the urban complex what the architectural composition is to a building. This concept is common to both architecture and urban complexes. The main property of composition is that it transforms a possibly dispersed whole into a coherent whole, resolving the contradictions that arise when the requirements and conditions of the project are numerous. Spatial forms and urban compositions are built over time, longer than that of the architectural composition.[2][3][4].
Origin
Contenido
Los primeros asentamientos urbanos tuvieron su origen en el segundo milenio a. C. en el margen de los ríos Tigris, Éufrates y Nilo; antes del año , surgen también en el valle del Indo. Con la expansión de las civilizaciones en el Mediterráneo, surgieron las ciudades griegas y romanas, que se caracterizaban por la mayor concentración de la población. En la Edad Media florecieron las urbes árabes, en tanto que en las áreas de influencia cristianas los diferentes barrios se formaron, en un principio, alrededor de castillos o iglesias, que proveían protección ante el pillaje. Cuando se desarrollaron los poderes seculares, que otorgaban seguridad por sí mismos, se diversificaron las barriadas. De esta manera, los barrios más pudientes crecieron en forma de «bastida», con un entramado de calles y edificios ortogonal —modelo exportado a la América colonial—.[5] La posterior Revolución Industrial en el siglo aumentó de forma exponencial los habitantes de los núcleos industriales, lo que concentró a los nuevos obreros en asentamientos sin planificación urbanística y construidos rápidamente. La tendencia continúa desde entonces, en detrimento de las poblaciones rurales.[6].