A stone wall is a type of masonry construction that has been used for thousands of years. The first stone walls were built by farmers and primitive people by piling field stones into a dry stone wall. Later, mortar and chalk were used, especially in the construction of walls, castles, and other fortifications before and during the Middle Ages. These stone walls are spread all over the world in different forms. One of the best examples is the Cyclopic Wall of Rajgir, India.[1]​.

Stone walls are usually made of local materials ranging from limestone and flint to granite and stoneware. However, the quality of building stone varies greatly, both in its resistance to weathering and weathering, in its resistance to water penetration, and in its ability to work into regular shapes before construction. The worked stone is generally known as ashlars and is often used for the corners of stone buildings. Granite is very resistant to weathering, while some limestones are very weak. Other limestones, such as Portland stone, are more resistant to weathering.[2]​.

Large structures are often built with very thick walls, so castles and cathedrals have walls up to 12 feet thick. They typically consist of a layered stone exterior and broken rubble.