Multiphase project
Introduction
Tiangong This program is autonomous and has no relationship with other countries that carry out activities in space.[1] The program began in 1992 as Project 921-2. As of January 2013, China continues a major multi-phase construction program that will result in a major space station in 2020.[2].
China launched its first space laboratory, Tiangong-1, on September 29, 2011. Following Tiangong 1, a more advanced space laboratory completed with the cargo ship, called Tiangong-2, was launched into orbit on September 15, 2016. The program will culminate with a larger orbital station, consisting of a 20-ton main module, 2 smaller research modules and a cargo transport vessel.[3] It will have accommodation for three astronauts for long periods[2] and is scheduled to be completed just as the International Space Station is scheduled to be retired.[4].
Project history
In 1999, Project 921-2 finally received official authorization. Two versions of the station were studied: an 8-ton "space laboratory" and a 25-ton "space station."
In 2000, the first model of the planned space station was unveiled at Expo 1997 in Hanover. It was built from modules derived from the Shenzhou orbital module. The total length of the station would be about 20 meters, with a total mass of less than 90 tons, with the possibility of expansion by adding additional modules.
In 2001, Chinese engineers described a process for realizing Project 921 in three stages. Originally the project was to be completed in 2010.
Originally, China planned to simply hold a space rendezvous between Shenzhou 8 and Shenzhou 9 to form a simple space laboratory. However, it was decided to abandon this plan and launch a small space laboratory in its place. In 2007, plans were made public for the 2010 launch of an 8-ton "space laboratory" called Tiangong 1. This would be an 8-ton space laboratory module with two docking ports. Subsequent flights (Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10) would dock at the laboratory.[5].
On September 29, 2008, Zhang Jianqi") (), vice director of China's manned space program, stated in an interview for China Central Television[6] that Tiangong 1 (i.e., not Shenzhou 8) would be the 8-ton "docking target", and Shenzhou 8, Shenzhou 9 and Shenzhou 10 would be spacecraft that would dock with Tiangong 1.
On October 1, 2008, the Shanghai Space Administration, which participated in the development of Shenzhou 9, stated[7] that they had successfully carried out the simulation experiment for the docking of Tiangong 1 and Shenzhou 8.