Monumental rehabilitation
Introduction
Monument (from the Latin monumentum, «remembrance "Recovery (memory)"), «commemorative erection», «votive offering»)[1] is any work with sufficient value for the human group that erected it. It must be "public and patent." Although initially the term was applied to statues, inscriptions or tombs erected[2], its use has spread and has come to include any construction that has "artistic, archaeological, historical" or similar value, notably architectural ones that, located in an urban center or isolated in rural areas, fulfill the function of a landmark due to their visibility and become symbols of that place.[3]The encyclopedia The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Cultural Heritage and Conflict includes the following definition of "Monument".
Funerary monuments
Contenido
En la Antigüedad, y durante las Edades Media y Moderna, el término se aplicaba especialmente a monumentos funerarios, de modo que es sinónimo de "tumba" en las lenguas románicas.[5].
Monumentum Romanum
The Monumentum Romanum was an inscription of his deeds (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) that Augustus had ordered placed on two bronze plaques on the door of his mausoleum. Copies were made throughout the empire, with a notable Greek version preserved in Ankara (the Monumentum Ancyranum), and fragments of a Latin one in Antioch (the Monumentum Antiochenum")).[6] Others were triumphal columns[7] such as Trajan's or Marcus Aurelius'. The oldest Roman monument was the Lapis Niger, whose specific meaning had already been forgotten in classical times, but which continued to be venerated in the Forum, next to the Volcanal (which commemorated Rome's first military victories).
Heroon
Heroon was the name of the funerary monuments or temples dedicated to the cult of Greek and Roman heroes, whether or not they were built over their tomb (if not, the monument is called a cenotaph). The earliest examples are the Mycenaean . The tomb at Amphipolis has recently been identified as a for Hephaestion, companion of Alexander the Great. Plutarch records that, saddened by his death, he ordered the architect Deinocrates to "erect sanctuaries throughout his domains."[8] The Roman emperor Hadrian did the same with his favorite Antinous, whose image he ordered to be reproduced throughout the Empire, in addition to dedicating a temple to him in the place of his death, which he renamed Antinoópolis.