A modular data center system is a portable method of deploying data center capabilities. As an alternative to a traditional data processing center, a modular data processing center can be moved to any location where data processing capacity is needed.

One of the main reasons behind the advancement of modular data processing centers is the recognition that the information technology part is no longer an isolated element within companies, but that its efficiency is important so that benefits can be generated. This is because today information technology is at the core of almost all of a company's operations. If we also take into account that different departments and business areas use information technology at different times and intensities, the modularity of data processing centers becomes even more important.[1]​.

Modular data center systems are made up of different modules and elements to provide data center capabilities with different power and cooling options. Modules can be transported anywhere in the world to be added to an existing data processing center, or combined into a new module system. Typically, data processing centers consist of standardized components, thus making their construction and production easier and cheaper.[2]​.

Modular data processing centers are manufactured in two types. In the most common type, called a "containerized data center" or portable modular data center, the data center equipment (servers, storage equipment and networks) is installed in a standard container which is then transported to the destination. Containerized data centers are usually equipped with their own cooling system.

In the second form of data processing centers, the data center equipment is installed in a facility made of prefabricated components that can be built quickly and expanded if necessary.[4]​.

Modular data processing centers are part of an emerging type of infrastructure, converged infrastructure, and were designed with several aspects in mind, such as more efficient energy use including considerations for the external environment, and reducing costs by using cheaper manufacturing materials.

That is why these data processing centers are also built when there is no need to move them, for example, electricity costs can be reduced by up to 40 percent.[5]​.

Modular data processing centers are designed for rapid deployment, with energy efficiency and high computing density. These features produce data processing centers at a lower cost and reduce their construction time significantly, from a few years to a few months.[6]​.