Modeling theory

Introduction

A scientific model is an abstract, conceptual, graphical or visual representation (see, for example: concept map), physics of phenomena, systems or processes in order to analyze, describe, explain, simulate (in general, explore, control and predict) those phenomena or processes. A model allows determining a final result from some input data. The creation of a model is considered to be an essential part of all scientific activity.[1][2][3].

Although there is little general agreement about the use of models, modern science offers a growing collection of methods, techniques, and theories about various types of models. Theories or proposals about the construction, use and validation of models are found in disciplines such as methodology, philosophy of science, general systems theory and in the relatively new field of scientific visualization. In practice, different scientific branches or disciplines have their own ideas and standards about specific types of models. However, in general, they all follow the principles of modeling.

A distinction must be made between a scientific model and a theory, even though both are very closely related, since the model for a theory is equivalent to an interpretation of this theory. A given theory can have various models to be explained.[4].

To make a model it is necessary to propose a series of hypotheses "Hypothesis (scientific method)"), so that what you want to study is sufficiently reflected in the representation, although you also normally want it to be simple enough to be able to be manipulated and studied.

All knowledge of reality begins with idealizations that consist of abstracting and elaborating concepts; that is, building a model about reality. The process consists of attributing to what is perceived as real certain properties "Property (logical)"), which frequently will not be sensible. Such is the process of conceptualization and its translation into language.

This is possible because certain details are suppressed, highlighting others that allow us to establish a way of seeing reality, even knowing that it is not exactly reality itself. The natural process follows what has traditionally been considered under the concept of analogy. But in science, conceptual content is only considered accurate as a scientific model of reality, when said model is interpreted as a particular case of a theoretical model and said analogy can be specified through precise and possible observations or verifications.

The model object is any schematic representation of an object. If the object represented is a concrete object then the model is an idealization of the object, which can be pictorial (for example, a drawing) or conceptual (a mathematical formula); that is, it can be figurative or symbolic. Computer science offers tools for creating model objects based on numerical calculation.

Modeling theory

Introduction

References

[1] ↑ Cartwright , Nancy. 1983. How the Laws of Physics Lie. Oxford University Press.: http://www.generativescience.org/papers/nature/Cartwright-_1983.pdf

[2] ↑ Hacking, Ian. 1983. Representing and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge University Press.

[3] ↑ von Neumann, John. «Method in the Physical Sciences». En Bródy F., Vámos, ed. The Neumann Compendium (World Scientific): 628. «[...] las ciencias no tratan de explicar, apenas tratan de interpretar, principalmente hacen modelos. Por un modelo se entiende una construcción matemática que, con el agregado de ciertas interpretaciones verbales, describe el fenómeno observado. La justificación de esta construcción matemática es única y precisamente que se espera que funcione —esto es, que describa correctamente los fenómenos de un área razonablemente grande.».

[4] ↑ Bailer-Jones, Daniela. (2009). Scientific models in philosophy of science. University of Pittsburgh Press.pp. 64-76 ISBN 978-0-8229-7123-8. OCLC 794702160. Consultado el 2019-12-07 “Un modelo puede mostrar partes distintas en su origen desde una cierta analogía, teoría o hipótesis, pero como modelo se juzga respecto al fenómeno del cual es modelado. ¿El modelo es una buena descripción?, ¿Representa fielmente el fenómeno?”.

[5] ↑ Bunge, Mario (1975). Teoría y realidad. Barcelona: Ariel. p. 19. ISBN 84-344-0725-6. «Los mecanismos hipotéticos deberán tomarse e serio, como representando las entrañas de la cosa, y se deberá dar prueba de esta convicción realista (pero al mismo tiempo falible) imaginando experiencias que puedan poner en evidencia la realidad de los mecanismos imaginados. En otro caso se hará literatura fantástica o bien se practicará la estrategia convencionalista, pero en modo alguno se participará en la búsqueda de la verdad.».

[6] ↑ Bunge, Mario. (1973). Method, Model and Matter. Springer Netherlands. pp. 111. ISBN 978-94-010-2519-5. OCLC 851392088. Consultado el 2019-12-07.

[7] ↑ Russell, Bertrand (1959). «Sobre el problema de la estructura interna de las entidades percibas». El conocimiento humano: su alcance y sus limitaciones. Madrid: Taurus. p. 173.

[8] ↑ Esa estructura es objeto de otro tipo de teoría acerca de la electricidad: la teoría del campo eléctrico y la teoría del electrón.

[9] ↑ Bunge, Mario (1975). Teoría y realidad. Barcelona: Ariel. pp. 77-78. ISBN 84-344-0725-6.

References

[1] ↑ Cartwright , Nancy. 1983. How the Laws of Physics Lie. Oxford University Press.: http://www.generativescience.org/papers/nature/Cartwright-_1983.pdf

[2] ↑ Hacking, Ian. 1983. Representing and Intervening. Introductory Topics in the Philosophy of Natural Science. Cambridge University Press.

[6] ↑ Bunge, Mario. (1973). Method, Model and Matter. Springer Netherlands. pp. 111. ISBN 978-94-010-2519-5. OCLC 851392088. Consultado el 2019-12-07.

[7] ↑ Russell, Bertrand (1959). «Sobre el problema de la estructura interna de las entidades percibas». El conocimiento humano: su alcance y sus limitaciones. Madrid: Taurus. p. 173.

[8] ↑ Esa estructura es objeto de otro tipo de teoría acerca de la electricidad: la teoría del campo eléctrico y la teoría del electrón.

[9] ↑ Bunge, Mario (1975). Teoría y realidad. Barcelona: Ariel. pp. 77-78. ISBN 84-344-0725-6.

Navegación

Modeling theory

Introduction

Modeling theory

Introduction

General parts of a scientific model

Classification of scientific models

Representation of the scientific model

The black box

References

General parts of a scientific model

Classification of scientific models

Representation of the scientific model

The black box

References