Mineral wool (rock/glass)
Introduction
Rock wool, belonging to the mineral wool family, is a material manufactured from volcanic rock. It is mainly used as thermal insulation and as passive protection against fire in buildings, due to its multidirectional fibrous structure, which allows it to house relatively immobile air inside.
History
Rock wool is a natural product discovered for the first time in Hawaii at the beginning of the 20th century, the result of the natural action of volcanoes. As a result of this discovery, a way to manufacture this material artificially was found. In 1937 the company Rockwool"),[1] began production in Hedehusene, Denmark.
Manufacturing
The rock wool manufacturing process aims to emulate the natural action of a volcano. The basaltic rock (diabase) is melted at more than 1600 °C in a furnace (cupola) to return it to its initial lava state. The lava is poured into wheels that rotate at high speed, and is transformed into fibers due to the effect of centrifugal force. After spraying an organic binder, the fibers are brought together to form a primary wool mattress. After having been more or less compressed, depending on the performance sought, this mattress goes to the last curing phase where the product takes its final shape. The composition of the rock wool resulting from this process is approximately 98% volcanic rock and 2% organic binder.
Properties of rock wool
Thermal behavior
The structure of rock wool contains dry and stable air inside, which is why it acts as an obstacle to heat transfers, characterized by its low thermal conductivity, which is between 0.050 and 0.031 W/m·K, insulating against both low and high temperatures. It has a thermal behavior similar to glass wool.
Acoustic behavior
Due to its multidirectional and elastic structure, rock wool slows the movement of air particles and dissipates sound energy, being used as an acoustic conditioner to avoid excessive reverberations and echoes. It is also used as an acoustic absorber in "mass-spring-mass" systems.