Dry masonry
In this type of masonry, which can be built with stones or bricks, no mortar is used. You have to choose the masonry one by one so that the whole has stability. Small stones, called gravel, are used to wedge the masonry and fill the gaps between them.
Examples of this type of masonry can be found in the constructions of "Anden (agriculture)" platforms in the Andes, mainly in Peru and northern Bolivia; In Spain the resulting walls are called dry walls or dry rope walls. This type of wall work is typical of traditional rural constructions, for example, in La Alpujarra of Granada, in the Andalusia region.
Stone masonry
Stone blocks used in masonry can be faced or roughened, although in both examples: corners, door and window jambs, and similar areas are usually faced. Stone masonry that uses dressed stones is known as ashlar masonry, while masonry that uses irregularly shaped stones is known as rubble masonry. Both rubble and ashlar masonry can be laid in fluted rows of uniform height by careful selection or cutting of the stones, but a large amount of stone masonry is not aligned.
It is executed with a lime or cement mortar. The stones should adapt to each other as much as possible to leave the lowest percentage of voids filled with mortar. The rubble will only be allowed to appear on the outside if the factory is going to be plastered later.
It is the masonry factory whose masonry has been carved only on the face intended to form the exterior facing. The masonry does not have specific shapes or dimensions. Gravel can be used inside the walls, but not on the exposed facing.
It consists of the masonry factory, whose masonry has its joint and parameter faces carved in more or less regular polygonal shapes, so that the seating of the masonry is made on substantially flat faces.
The use of rubble is not permitted and the masonry of the exterior facing must be prepared so that the visible faces have a polygonal shape and fill the gap left by the adjacent masonry. The concurrence of four masonry edges in the same vertex must be avoided.
When the masonry is thicker than the masonry, the masonry of the exposed walls will be laid first, and then the main masonry of the fill will be placed, wedged with gravel if necessary. From time to time the two walls will be joined with keys or brackets as long as necessary to connect the whole. If the thickness is so great that it cannot be covered with a single key, then two or more are placed, alternating, reaching more than half the thickness and, if necessary, they will be clamped together at their tails with metal clamps.
If horizontal courses are formed in concerted masonry, the lines of vertical joints must alternate and there will never be less than 20 centimeters between the joint of two adjacent courses.
Masonry with bricks
Solid brick is made of two or more courses of bricks with the units placed horizontally (called boulder bricks) joined together with bricks placed across the wall (called "rope" bricks).[4] Each row of bricks is known as a course. The rope and brand pattern used gives rise to different rigging patterns, such as the common rig (with every sixth row placed on a rope), English, Scottish[5] and the Flemish pattern. Rigs can differ in strength and insulating capacity. Vertically stepped joints tend to be somewhat stronger and less prone to cracking when compared to non-staggered joints. They can also be reinforced with concrete beams.[6].
The wide selection of brick styles and types generally available in industrialized nations allows for great variety in the appearance of the final product. In buildings constructed during the 1950s and 1970s, a high degree of brick uniformity and precision in masonry was typical. In the period since, this style was thought to be too sterile, so attempts were made to emulate older, cruder works. Some brick surfaces are made to look particularly rustic by including burnt bricks, which are darker in color or irregular in shape. Others may use old salvage bricks, or new bricks may be artificially aged by applying various surface treatments, such as tumbling. Attempts at turn-of-the-century rusticity have been carried out by riggers who specialize in a free artistic style, where courses are not intentionally straight, but are woven to form more organic impressions.
It refers to a type of brick masonry in which the walls are built and fixed with mortar formed into columns, later they are reinforced from the ground by tie columns and at the top by a concrete beam.[7][8][9].