The Aviation Infantry of the Chilean Air Force (FACH) has equipment designed to fulfill its role of defense of air bases, force protection and ground tactical operations. Its equipment combines light weapons, fire support, tactical vehicles and air defense systems inherited from the institution's former Air Defense units.

Specialized camouflage systems and uniforms.

The Aviation Infantry of the Chilean Air Force (FACH) has a varied fleet of ground vehicles that cover everything from armored troop transport to light mobility and logistics. These means allow the unit to carry out air base security missions, airmobile deployment, medical support and tactical operations.

Los Comandos de Aviación de Chile, conocidos también como Comandos FACH o Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales (GRUFE), son unidades de élite de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACH), especializadas en operaciones terrestres de alta complejidad, tales como asaltos, reconocimiento, protección de instalaciones aéreas y apoyo en misiones de búsqueda y rescate (SAR).[10]​ Su misión principal es garantizar la seguridad de bases aéreas, aeronaves, personal e infraestructura crítica, así como participar en operaciones especiales, rescates y operaciones de contingencia.[11]​[12]​.

The origin of these troops dates back to 1946, when 15 FACH troops were commissioned to the United States Army to receive training as military parachutists, jumpmasters and combat glider crews.

Upon their return to the country, they organized the first airborne unit in Chile and the third in South America.

Starting in 1962, FACH troops received training in the first commando operations course directed in Chile by Ranger and Special Forces instructors from the United States Army.

In 1979, the Special Forces Group was created in the FACH, the first tactical unit of this type in the institution, made up entirely of specialized troops such as aviation commandos, a course taught solely and exclusively within the Air Force. This training remained in force until 2004, date from which date the training of these troops passed to the Chilean Navy (Marine Infantry Commands).

Since 2000, the aviation commands have incorporated training as Search and Rescue paratroopers (PARASAR) as a mandatory specialization among their troops, being deployed in each of the Air Brigades.

Organization and functions

The Aviation Commands are organized into the Special Forces Group (GRUFE)[13]​, a ground tactical unit in charge of providing the capabilities of force protection, tactical reconnaissance, support in SAR operations and defense of air facilities. They are qualified as military parachutists, and can perform parachute jumps with a static line and in free fall.

In addition, the aviation commands have developed capabilities in joint and inter-institutional operations, participating in exercises with other branches of the Armed Forces and with foreign forces, strengthening their interoperability and preparation for various contingencies.[14]​[15]​.

The Chilean Aviation Commands are a special operations unit of the Chilean Air Force (FACH), dependent on the Aviation Infantry, specialized in infiltration operations, reconnaissance, rescue of pilots and protection of strategic facilities of the FACH. Their training and equipment resemble special forces such as the Army Commands BOE or the Carabineros GOPE, but with a role more oriented towards airmobile projection.

Specialized camouflage systems and uniforms.

combat knives.

La Agrupación Antisecuestros Aéreos (A.S.A) fue una unidad especial de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACH), creada en 1961 con el propósito de prevenir y enfrentar intentos de secuestro de aeronaves en el territorio nacional.

Fue la primera fuerza especializada en esta materia en Chile y una de las pioneras en Sudamérica.

During the 1960s, international civil and military aviation faced an increase in air hijackings, which motivated different countries to form specialized units. In Chile, the FACH created the Air Hijacking Group in 1961, conceived as an immediate reaction force to intervene in aircraft taken by armed groups or terrorists.

The unit was trained in aircraft assault tactics, hostage rescue, airport compound operations and close combat. Its members came from the Aviation Infantry and received additional training in precision shooting, explosives and forced entry techniques.

The Special Air Service (SAS) was a doctrinal reference in counterterrorist operations worldwide, especially after Operation Nimrod (1980). Following that operation, many countries studied and adapted similar tactics.

In Chile, the creation of the A.S.A in 1961 responded to the global trend of establishing rapid reaction forces against air hijackings with national training and eventually indirect influence of manuals or training shared in international settings.

During the 80s and 90s, there were military contacts with the United Kingdom in areas of training and technical cooperation, especially linked to the Navy, Army and Air Force, given the South Atlantic conflict (1982) and the strategic role of the Southern Cone and insular Chile. There are mentions in the international press and in human rights reports that British instructors (including ex-SAS) taught courses in Chile within the framework of Chilean-British relations.

The Group was made up of a small number of highly trained troops, organized into intervention squads. Its main functions were:

• - Neutralize attempts to hijack civil or military aircraft.

• - Protect crews and passengers in crisis situations.

• - Secure strategic facilities within airports and air bases.

• - Collaborate with other branches of the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement in operations against terrorist threats linked to aviation.

Featured operations

Among his most relevant achievements are the dismantling of kidnappings at Mataveri Airport (Easter Island) in 1989 and the hijacking of LAN Chile Flight 87 in 1969. In both cases, the intervention was discreet and effective, without the incidents becoming public.[16]​[17]​.

The A.S.A. It is part of the FACH Special Forces Group, along with other units such as the Search, Rescue and Rescue Paratroopers (PARASAR)..

The Hawks High Acrobatics Squadron is the official aerial demonstration team of the Chilean Air Force (FACH). The purpose of representing the institution in public activities, disseminating aeronautical culture and strengthening ties with citizens. It is considered one of the most outstanding acrobatic patrols in Latin America.[18]​[19]​.

The Halcones Alta Acrobatics Squadron was officially created on January 14, 1981 at the El Bosque Air Base, in Santiago, Chile, with the objective of having an acrobatic team that would represent the Chilean Air Force (FACH) in national and international exhibitions. Its foundation was inspired by the tradition of foreign squadrons such as the Blue Angels of the United States, the Patrouille de France and the Esquadrilha da Fumaça of Brazil, adapting this model to the Chilean context to spread aeronautical culture and strengthen the bond of the institution with citizens.

During their first years, the Falcons operated with Pitts S-2A Special aircraft, biplanes of American origin recognized for their agility in acrobatic competitions. They made their public debut with these aircraft in 1981, performing at air festivals in Chile and, later, on international tours that consolidated them as a reference for aerial acrobatics in South America during the 1980s.

In 1990, the squadron took a technological leap by incorporating the Extra 300, German-designed aircraft that offered greater power, speed and structural resistance. This change expanded the complexity and spectacularity of the maneuvers executed in formation. Thirteen years later, in 2003, they were replaced by the Extra 300L, a two-seater version that became the group's hallmark for almost two decades. With these aircraft, the Falcons participated in the main exhibitions in Chile, including multiple editions of the International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE), and made presentations in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and the United States, gaining international recognition for the precision of their routines.

As part of the renewal of its capabilities and the search for greater international projection, in 2022 the Extra 300L were retired and replaced by the GameBird GB1, latest generation aircraft manufactured in the United Kingdom and Germany. With this addition, the Falcons became the first military aerobatic patrol in the world to operate this model, which was a milestone for both the squadron and the aeronautical industry.

Since its creation, the Halcones have maintained an uninterrupted trajectory of more than four decades, consolidating themselves as one of the longest-lived aerobatic teams in the region and a representative symbol of the Chilean Air Force.

The Halcones depend on the Presentation Group of the Chilean Air Force and have as their main base the El Bosque Air Base, in Santiago.

• - The formation is usually composed of six aircraft in flight and a seventh reserve aircraft.

• - The pilots are selected FACH officers with experience in combat or transport aviation.

• - In addition to the pilots, the team has a technical team specialized in aircraft maintenance.

The squadron has participated in the main air exhibitions in Chile, such as the International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE), and in numerous international events in countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and the United States.

The maneuvers include tight formations, inverted flights, high-speed crossings and synchronized acrobatics, which require great precision and coordination among its members.

The Halcones aircraft feature a tricolor scheme in red, white and blue, representing the Chilean flag. The team's motto is “High, always high”, reflecting its spirit of improvement and excellence.

• - Pitts S-2A Special (1981-1990).

• - Extra 300 (1990-2003).

• - Extra 300L (2003-2021).

• - GameBird GB1 (2022-present).

Chile's space observation system represents one of the most advanced technological infrastructures in Latin America in the aerospace field. Established to strengthen national capacity in earth observation, telecommunications and satellite data collection. This system integrates a state-of-the-art satellite network with ground-based control and processing facilities.

The Chilean space infrastructure is made up of earth observation satellites, ground control centers and specialized laboratories that together provide essential services for:

• - Monitoring of natural disasters and climate change.

• - Meteorological data.

• - Management of natural resources and agriculture.

• - Maritime and border surveillance.

• - Telephony and radio "Radio (communication medium)"): backup in emergencies when terrestrial networks fail.

• - Development of scientific and technological research.

• - Regional GNSS systems: Improves GPS accuracy in the country.

• - Satellite Communications Network.

• - Cartography: generation of updated topographic and urban maps.

• - Disaster prevention: identify risk areas due to landslides, floods or volcanoes.

• - Data link.

• - Space radar.

Annex: Ships and space artifacts of Chile.

La Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACh) mantiene una de las flotas aéreas más modernas y diversificadas de América Latina. Su capacidad operativa abarca desde aviones de combate de última generación hasta sistemas no tripulados, permitiéndole cumplir misiones de defensa aérea, apoyo táctico, transporte estratégico y ayuda humanitaria. La modernización constante de sus aeronaves y la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías la posicionan como una de las fuerzas aéreas más avanzadas de la región.

Operational Capabilities

• - Air Defense and Air Superiority.

• - Attack and projection.

• - Early Warning and Aerospace Control.

• - Search and rescue (SAR / CSAR).

• - Control and management of airspace.

• - Air mobility.

• - Military demolition.

• - Aerophotogrammetry.

• - Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR).

• - Strategic Projection.

• - In-flight refueling.

• - Electronic warfare and SIGINT/ELINT.

• - Training and Education.

• - Logistical support and maintenance.

• - Raid.

• - Tactical Support.

Air Brigades

In the middle of the driest desert in the world, between the dunes and the sea, the 1st Air Brigade of the FACH "I Air Brigade (Chile)") is located, responsible for controlling the airspace between the northern political limit and the Loa River.

Its Headquarters are located at the “Los Cóndores” Air Base, in Iquique.

This Unit stands out for being a center for the tactical training of the Institution's combat pilots.

Among its activities is also support for remote locations within its jurisdiction, in turn cooperating in emergency situations and natural disasters. Its means collaborate in the operations of the Air Search and Rescue Service.

This Brigade also has a Telecommunications and Detection Group, an Aviation Infantry Group, whose deployment allows it to provide protection to the force, and an Anti-Aircraft Defense Group, which also provides military instruction to citizens doing military service.

Through its internal units it provides administrative and logistical support.

• - I Air Brigade "I Air Brigade (Chile)") (Iquique)

• Base Wing N°4") (Invincibles)

• Aviation Group No. 1") (Per ardua ad astra)

• Aviation Group No. 2") (Hic et passim)

• Aviation Group No. 3") (Parate ad bellum)

• Anti-Aircraft Defense Group No. 24") (Impact!)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group No. 34") (Oculi auditusque deserti)

• Aviation Infantry Group No. 44") (Pugna et vince)

• Chilean Aviation Commands

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Student Instruction Group

*Base Operations Group

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service.

The main task of this Unit is institutional strategic transportation, as well as the execution of air operations to help the community at the national and international level.

It also conducts aerial search and rescue operations.

Its Headquarters is located at the “Pudahuel” Air Base, in Santiago.

This Brigade is also home to the Institution's Helicopter Pilot School, the Anti-Aircraft Defense Tactical School and is responsible for the training of Special Forces in the Quintero Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, where Soldier training is also carried out.

Its jurisdictional scope of airspace control extends between Vallenar and Los Ángeles "Los Ángeles (Chile)") and the operations of the Air Search and Rescue Service (SAR) Squadron based on Easter Island are also under its command.

This Brigade also has a Telecommunications and Detection Group.

Its internal units provide administrative and logistical support.

• - II Air Brigade (Santiago) "II Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Base Wing No. 2 (Celeris, silentis et versabilis)

• Aviation Group No. 9") (Audax omnia perpeti)

• Aviation Group No. 10 (Orbis terrarum percurri)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group No. 32 (Magna costancia)

• Aviation Infantry Group No. 55 (Sub umbra floreo)

• Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment and Special Forces (Until I die)

• Chilean Aviation Commands

• Space Operations Group

• Electronic Warfare Group

• Presentation Group

*Base Operations Group

• Combat Command

• Logistics Command

• Falcons High Acrobatics Squadron

• "Blue Berets" Parachuting Squadron

• “1st Sergeant Adolfo Menadier Rojas” Specialty School

• “Captain Manuel Ávalos Prado” Aviation School

• Noncommissioned Officers Improvement School

• Air Warfare Academy (AGA)

• Aeronautical Polytechnic Academy (APA)

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Operations Directorate

• Health Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Infrastructure Division

• Weapons System Engineering and Support Division.

The IIIrd Air Brigade "III Air Brigade (Chile)") has a high level of operational readiness of its means and personnel, through its aviation groups it carries out an important task of integration and support to the community, in a geographical area that is characterized by places that are difficult to access.

Common are its aeromedical evacuation operations and it also participates in the work of the Air Search and Rescue Service.

The Brigade is responsible for controlling the airspace between Los Angeles "Los Ángeles (Chile)") and Campos de Hielo. Its Headquarters is located at the “El Tepual” Air Base, in Puerto Montt.

The Instrument Flight School is located there, where recently graduated young pilots train to fly without visual references, before being selected for the Combat, Helicopter or Transport specialties.

The transport pilots continue their training at the Brigade's Multiengine Tactical School.

Ground operations are in charge of the Telecommunications and Detection Group and the Base Security Squadron, the latter in charge of training Conscript Soldiers performing their Military Service.

Internal units provide administrative and logistical support.

• - III Air Brigade (Puerto Montt) "III Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Aviation Group N°5 (Combat - Support - Serve)

• Anti-Aircraft Defense Group N°25 (Gunpowder, cannon, missile)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group N°35 (Severitate uti)

• Aviation Infantry Group N°53 (Nec terere, nec timide)

*Base Operations Group

• Chilean Aviation Commands

• Aviation Infantry Tactical School (ETIA)

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service.

This Brigade is responsible for controlling the airspace between the Ice Fields and the South Pole. Its Headquarters is located at the “Chabunco” Air Base, in Punta Arenas.

With a high level of operational readiness, its means and personnel carry out air and ground operations, which are combined with activities towards the community, transfer of authorities and collaboration with scientific projects.

Due to its location in the southernmost region of the world, this Brigade is frequently faced with harsh weather conditions.

One of its tasks is to provide support to Antarctic operations and control the development of activities at the "Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva" Antarctic Air Base, the gateway to the white continent for scientific expeditions and bases from different countries located in said territory.

It also participates with its aerial means in the operations of the Air Search and Rescue Service within its jurisdictional area.

The Brigade has a Telecommunications and Detection Group and a Base Security Squadron, in charge, among other tasks, of providing protection to the force and instructing young people who perform Military Service.

Through its internal units, it provides administrative and logistical support.

• - IV Air Brigade (Punta Arenas) "IV Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Aviation Group N°6 (Princeps polaris iteneris)

• Aviation Group N°12 (Nocte dieque promptus)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group N°33 (Caveo Tibi)

• Antarctic Exploration Group N°19 (Conquest - Sovereignty)

• Aviation Infantry Group N°62 (Sic itur ad astra)

*Base Operations Group

• Chilean Aviation Commands

• Logistics Support Squadron

• Aerophotogrammetric Service

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Antarctic Division

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division.

Through its aviation groups and front-line aircraft, this Unit is characterized by maintaining a high degree of training and operational readiness of its means and personnel.

Their regular tasks include aeromedical evacuations, connectivity with isolated sectors, support in emergencies and natural disasters, and aerial search and rescue operations.

In addition, it stands out for maintaining a close bond with the community.

The Brigade is responsible for controlling the airspace between the Loa River and Vallenar. Its Headquarters is located at the “Cerro Moreno” Air Base, in Antofagasta, a place where the aviators live with their families.

This Brigade also has a Telecommunications and Detection Group, an Aviation Infantry Group, whose deployment allows it to provide protection to the force, and an Anti-Aircraft Defense Group, which also provides military instruction to citizens doing Military Service.

Likewise, its internal units provide administrative and logistical support.

• - V Air Brigade (Antofagasta) "V Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Base Wing N°1 (We are better)

• Aviation Group N°7 (Hostem repellas acriter)

• Aviation Group N°8 (Predominance)

• Anti-Aircraft Defense Group N°21 (Ready to combat)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group N°31 (Attentive to the enemy)

• Aviation Infantry Group N°41 (Focus belliger)

*Base Operations Group

• Chilean Aviation Commands

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service.

In-flight refueling

[48]​[49]​[50]​[51]​[52]​[53]​[54]​[55]​.

Early warning and airborne control

[56]​[57]​[58]​[59]​[60]​[61]​[62]​[63]​[64]​[65]​[66]​.

tactical transport aircraft

[67]​[68]​[69]​[70]​[71]​[72]​[73]​[74]​.

Aerophotogrammetry

[75]​[76]​[77]​[78]​[79]​[80]​.

fighter jets

[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]​.

Ground attack aircraft and training aircraft

[100]​[101]​[102]​[103]​[104]​[105]​[106]​.

training aircraft

[107]​[108]​[109]​[110]​[111]​.

unmanned aerial vehicle

[112]​[113]​[114]​[115]​[116]​[117]​[118]​[119]​[120]​[121]​[122]​[123]​.

aerial acrobatics

[124]​[125]​[126]​[127]​[128]​[129]​.

Search and Rescue Service

[130]​[131]​[132]​.

Glider tug

[133]​[134]​[135]​[136]​.

utility helicopter

[137]​[138]​[139]​[140]​[141]​[142]​[143]​[144]​[145]​[146]​[147]​[148]​[149]​[150]​[151]​[152]​.

[153]​[154]​[155]​[156]​[157]​[158]​.

The Chilean Air Force (FACH), in addition to its fleet of fighters and support aircraft, maintains a set of air defense systems intended to protect air bases, strategic infrastructure and sensitive points in the country against aerial threats.

The anti-aircraft defense of the FACH is organized mainly under the Combat Command, through its Anti-Aircraft Defense Groups (DDAA), which operate different short and medium range weapons systems, combining anti-aircraft artillery with surface-to-air missiles.

Throughout its history, the FACH has used everything from anti-aircraft guns of Swiss and American origin to modern infrared and radar guidance missile systems. Its most notable media includes:

• - Anti-aircraft artillery: 35 mm Oerlikon GDF cannons and associated fire direction systems.

• - Portable missiles (MANPADS): such as the MBDA Mygale.

• - Short-range self-propelled systems: such as the Mistral ATLAS and its variants.

• - Longer range missiles: in recent decades, more advanced systems have been incorporated to reinforce the coverage of strategic air bases.

The FACH doctrine seeks to integrate these means into a layered defense network, supported by air surveillance radars, command and control centers, and the coverage of air superiority fighters (F-16 Block 50 and MLU).

Together, these systems allow the FACH to protect national airspace both in peacetime and in crisis scenarios, complementing air deterrence with a solid ground defense capacity against attacks from the air.

[159]​[160]​[161]​[162]​[163]​[164]​[165]​[166]​[167]​[168]​[169]​[170]​[171]​[172]​[173]​[174]​[175]​[176]​.

• - Chilean Aviation Commands.

• - Chilean Air Force.

• - Anti-Aerial Hijacking Group.

• - Annex: Ships and space artifacts of Chile.

• - Military aviation.

The Aviation Infantry of the Chilean Air Force (FACH) has equipment designed to fulfill its role of defense of air bases, force protection and ground tactical operations. Its equipment combines light weapons, fire support, tactical vehicles and air defense systems inherited from the institution's former Air Defense units.

Specialized camouflage systems and uniforms.

The Aviation Infantry of the Chilean Air Force (FACH) has a varied fleet of ground vehicles that cover everything from armored troop transport to light mobility and logistics. These means allow the unit to carry out air base security missions, airmobile deployment, medical support and tactical operations.

Los Comandos de Aviación de Chile, conocidos también como Comandos FACH o Grupo de Fuerzas Especiales (GRUFE), son unidades de élite de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACH), especializadas en operaciones terrestres de alta complejidad, tales como asaltos, reconocimiento, protección de instalaciones aéreas y apoyo en misiones de búsqueda y rescate (SAR).[10]​ Su misión principal es garantizar la seguridad de bases aéreas, aeronaves, personal e infraestructura crítica, así como participar en operaciones especiales, rescates y operaciones de contingencia.[11]​[12]​.

The origin of these troops dates back to 1946, when 15 FACH troops were commissioned to the United States Army to receive training as military parachutists, jumpmasters and combat glider crews.

Upon their return to the country, they organized the first airborne unit in Chile and the third in South America.

Starting in 1962, FACH troops received training in the first commando operations course directed in Chile by Ranger and Special Forces instructors from the United States Army.

In 1979, the Special Forces Group was created in the FACH, the first tactical unit of this type in the institution, made up entirely of specialized troops such as aviation commandos, a course taught solely and exclusively within the Air Force. This training remained in force until 2004, date from which date the training of these troops passed to the Chilean Navy (Marine Infantry Commands).

Since 2000, the aviation commands have incorporated training as Search and Rescue paratroopers (PARASAR) as a mandatory specialization among their troops, being deployed in each of the Air Brigades.

Organization and functions

The Aviation Commands are organized into the Special Forces Group (GRUFE)[13]​, a ground tactical unit in charge of providing the capabilities of force protection, tactical reconnaissance, support in SAR operations and defense of air facilities. They are qualified as military parachutists, and can perform parachute jumps with a static line and in free fall.

In addition, the aviation commands have developed capabilities in joint and inter-institutional operations, participating in exercises with other branches of the Armed Forces and with foreign forces, strengthening their interoperability and preparation for various contingencies.[14]​[15]​.

The Chilean Aviation Commands are a special operations unit of the Chilean Air Force (FACH), dependent on the Aviation Infantry, specialized in infiltration operations, reconnaissance, rescue of pilots and protection of strategic facilities of the FACH. Their training and equipment resemble special forces such as the Army Commands BOE or the Carabineros GOPE, but with a role more oriented towards airmobile projection.

Specialized camouflage systems and uniforms.

combat knives.

La Agrupación Antisecuestros Aéreos (A.S.A) fue una unidad especial de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACH), creada en 1961 con el propósito de prevenir y enfrentar intentos de secuestro de aeronaves en el territorio nacional.

Fue la primera fuerza especializada en esta materia en Chile y una de las pioneras en Sudamérica.

During the 1960s, international civil and military aviation faced an increase in air hijackings, which motivated different countries to form specialized units. In Chile, the FACH created the Air Hijacking Group in 1961, conceived as an immediate reaction force to intervene in aircraft taken by armed groups or terrorists.

The unit was trained in aircraft assault tactics, hostage rescue, airport compound operations and close combat. Its members came from the Aviation Infantry and received additional training in precision shooting, explosives and forced entry techniques.

The Special Air Service (SAS) was a doctrinal reference in counterterrorist operations worldwide, especially after Operation Nimrod (1980). Following that operation, many countries studied and adapted similar tactics.

In Chile, the creation of the A.S.A in 1961 responded to the global trend of establishing rapid reaction forces against air hijackings with national training and eventually indirect influence of manuals or training shared in international settings.

During the 80s and 90s, there were military contacts with the United Kingdom in areas of training and technical cooperation, especially linked to the Navy, Army and Air Force, given the South Atlantic conflict (1982) and the strategic role of the Southern Cone and insular Chile. There are mentions in the international press and in human rights reports that British instructors (including ex-SAS) taught courses in Chile within the framework of Chilean-British relations.

The Group was made up of a small number of highly trained troops, organized into intervention squads. Its main functions were:

• - Neutralize attempts to hijack civil or military aircraft.

• - Protect crews and passengers in crisis situations.

• - Secure strategic facilities within airports and air bases.

• - Collaborate with other branches of the Armed Forces and Law Enforcement in operations against terrorist threats linked to aviation.

Featured operations

Among his most relevant achievements are the dismantling of kidnappings at Mataveri Airport (Easter Island) in 1989 and the hijacking of LAN Chile Flight 87 in 1969. In both cases, the intervention was discreet and effective, without the incidents becoming public.[16]​[17]​.

The A.S.A. It is part of the FACH Special Forces Group, along with other units such as the Search, Rescue and Rescue Paratroopers (PARASAR)..

The Hawks High Acrobatics Squadron is the official aerial demonstration team of the Chilean Air Force (FACH). The purpose of representing the institution in public activities, disseminating aeronautical culture and strengthening ties with citizens. It is considered one of the most outstanding acrobatic patrols in Latin America.[18]​[19]​.

The Halcones Alta Acrobatics Squadron was officially created on January 14, 1981 at the El Bosque Air Base, in Santiago, Chile, with the objective of having an acrobatic team that would represent the Chilean Air Force (FACH) in national and international exhibitions. Its foundation was inspired by the tradition of foreign squadrons such as the Blue Angels of the United States, the Patrouille de France and the Esquadrilha da Fumaça of Brazil, adapting this model to the Chilean context to spread aeronautical culture and strengthen the bond of the institution with citizens.

During their first years, the Falcons operated with Pitts S-2A Special aircraft, biplanes of American origin recognized for their agility in acrobatic competitions. They made their public debut with these aircraft in 1981, performing at air festivals in Chile and, later, on international tours that consolidated them as a reference for aerial acrobatics in South America during the 1980s.

In 1990, the squadron took a technological leap by incorporating the Extra 300, German-designed aircraft that offered greater power, speed and structural resistance. This change expanded the complexity and spectacularity of the maneuvers executed in formation. Thirteen years later, in 2003, they were replaced by the Extra 300L, a two-seater version that became the group's hallmark for almost two decades. With these aircraft, the Falcons participated in the main exhibitions in Chile, including multiple editions of the International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE), and made presentations in countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and the United States, gaining international recognition for the precision of their routines.

As part of the renewal of its capabilities and the search for greater international projection, in 2022 the Extra 300L were retired and replaced by the GameBird GB1, latest generation aircraft manufactured in the United Kingdom and Germany. With this addition, the Falcons became the first military aerobatic patrol in the world to operate this model, which was a milestone for both the squadron and the aeronautical industry.

Since its creation, the Halcones have maintained an uninterrupted trajectory of more than four decades, consolidating themselves as one of the longest-lived aerobatic teams in the region and a representative symbol of the Chilean Air Force.

The Halcones depend on the Presentation Group of the Chilean Air Force and have as their main base the El Bosque Air Base, in Santiago.

• - The formation is usually composed of six aircraft in flight and a seventh reserve aircraft.

• - The pilots are selected FACH officers with experience in combat or transport aviation.

• - In addition to the pilots, the team has a technical team specialized in aircraft maintenance.

The squadron has participated in the main air exhibitions in Chile, such as the International Air and Space Fair (FIDAE), and in numerous international events in countries such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay, Ecuador and the United States.

The maneuvers include tight formations, inverted flights, high-speed crossings and synchronized acrobatics, which require great precision and coordination among its members.

The Halcones aircraft feature a tricolor scheme in red, white and blue, representing the Chilean flag. The team's motto is “High, always high”, reflecting its spirit of improvement and excellence.

• - Pitts S-2A Special (1981-1990).

• - Extra 300 (1990-2003).

• - Extra 300L (2003-2021).

• - GameBird GB1 (2022-present).

Chile's space observation system represents one of the most advanced technological infrastructures in Latin America in the aerospace field. Established to strengthen national capacity in earth observation, telecommunications and satellite data collection. This system integrates a state-of-the-art satellite network with ground-based control and processing facilities.

The Chilean space infrastructure is made up of earth observation satellites, ground control centers and specialized laboratories that together provide essential services for:

• - Monitoring of natural disasters and climate change.

• - Meteorological data.

• - Management of natural resources and agriculture.

• - Maritime and border surveillance.

• - Telephony and radio "Radio (communication medium)"): backup in emergencies when terrestrial networks fail.

• - Development of scientific and technological research.

• - Regional GNSS systems: Improves GPS accuracy in the country.

• - Satellite Communications Network.

• - Cartography: generation of updated topographic and urban maps.

• - Disaster prevention: identify risk areas due to landslides, floods or volcanoes.

• - Data link.

• - Space radar.

Annex: Ships and space artifacts of Chile.

La Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACh) mantiene una de las flotas aéreas más modernas y diversificadas de América Latina. Su capacidad operativa abarca desde aviones de combate de última generación hasta sistemas no tripulados, permitiéndole cumplir misiones de defensa aérea, apoyo táctico, transporte estratégico y ayuda humanitaria. La modernización constante de sus aeronaves y la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías la posicionan como una de las fuerzas aéreas más avanzadas de la región.

Operational Capabilities

• - Air Defense and Air Superiority.

• - Attack and projection.

• - Early Warning and Aerospace Control.

• - Search and rescue (SAR / CSAR).

• - Control and management of airspace.

• - Air mobility.

• - Military demolition.

• - Aerophotogrammetry.

• - Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR).

• - Strategic Projection.

• - In-flight refueling.

• - Electronic warfare and SIGINT/ELINT.

• - Training and Education.

• - Logistical support and maintenance.

• - Raid.

• - Tactical Support.

Air Brigades

In the middle of the driest desert in the world, between the dunes and the sea, the 1st Air Brigade of the FACH "I Air Brigade (Chile)") is located, responsible for controlling the airspace between the northern political limit and the Loa River.

Its Headquarters are located at the “Los Cóndores” Air Base, in Iquique.

This Unit stands out for being a center for the tactical training of the Institution's combat pilots.

Among its activities is also support for remote locations within its jurisdiction, in turn cooperating in emergency situations and natural disasters. Its means collaborate in the operations of the Air Search and Rescue Service.

This Brigade also has a Telecommunications and Detection Group, an Aviation Infantry Group, whose deployment allows it to provide protection to the force, and an Anti-Aircraft Defense Group, which also provides military instruction to citizens doing military service.

Through its internal units it provides administrative and logistical support.

• - I Air Brigade "I Air Brigade (Chile)") (Iquique)

• Base Wing N°4") (Invincibles)

• Aviation Group No. 1") (Per ardua ad astra)

• Aviation Group No. 2") (Hic et passim)

• Aviation Group No. 3") (Parate ad bellum)

• Anti-Aircraft Defense Group No. 24") (Impact!)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group No. 34") (Oculi auditusque deserti)

• Aviation Infantry Group No. 44") (Pugna et vince)

• Chilean Aviation Commands

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Student Instruction Group

*Base Operations Group

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service.

The main task of this Unit is institutional strategic transportation, as well as the execution of air operations to help the community at the national and international level.

It also conducts aerial search and rescue operations.

Its Headquarters is located at the “Pudahuel” Air Base, in Santiago.

This Brigade is also home to the Institution's Helicopter Pilot School, the Anti-Aircraft Defense Tactical School and is responsible for the training of Special Forces in the Quintero Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment, where Soldier training is also carried out.

Its jurisdictional scope of airspace control extends between Vallenar and Los Ángeles "Los Ángeles (Chile)") and the operations of the Air Search and Rescue Service (SAR) Squadron based on Easter Island are also under its command.

This Brigade also has a Telecommunications and Detection Group.

Its internal units provide administrative and logistical support.

• - II Air Brigade (Santiago) "II Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Base Wing No. 2 (Celeris, silentis et versabilis)

• Aviation Group No. 9") (Audax omnia perpeti)

• Aviation Group No. 10 (Orbis terrarum percurri)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group No. 32 (Magna costancia)

• Aviation Infantry Group No. 55 (Sub umbra floreo)

• Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment and Special Forces (Until I die)

• Chilean Aviation Commands

• Space Operations Group

• Electronic Warfare Group

• Presentation Group

*Base Operations Group

• Combat Command

• Logistics Command

• Falcons High Acrobatics Squadron

• "Blue Berets" Parachuting Squadron

• “1st Sergeant Adolfo Menadier Rojas” Specialty School

• “Captain Manuel Ávalos Prado” Aviation School

• Noncommissioned Officers Improvement School

• Air Warfare Academy (AGA)

• Aeronautical Polytechnic Academy (APA)

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Operations Directorate

• Health Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Infrastructure Division

• Weapons System Engineering and Support Division.

The IIIrd Air Brigade "III Air Brigade (Chile)") has a high level of operational readiness of its means and personnel, through its aviation groups it carries out an important task of integration and support to the community, in a geographical area that is characterized by places that are difficult to access.

Common are its aeromedical evacuation operations and it also participates in the work of the Air Search and Rescue Service.

The Brigade is responsible for controlling the airspace between Los Angeles "Los Ángeles (Chile)") and Campos de Hielo. Its Headquarters is located at the “El Tepual” Air Base, in Puerto Montt.

The Instrument Flight School is located there, where recently graduated young pilots train to fly without visual references, before being selected for the Combat, Helicopter or Transport specialties.

The transport pilots continue their training at the Brigade's Multiengine Tactical School.

Ground operations are in charge of the Telecommunications and Detection Group and the Base Security Squadron, the latter in charge of training Conscript Soldiers performing their Military Service.

Internal units provide administrative and logistical support.

• - III Air Brigade (Puerto Montt) "III Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Aviation Group N°5 (Combat - Support - Serve)

• Anti-Aircraft Defense Group N°25 (Gunpowder, cannon, missile)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group N°35 (Severitate uti)

• Aviation Infantry Group N°53 (Nec terere, nec timide)

*Base Operations Group

• Chilean Aviation Commands

• Aviation Infantry Tactical School (ETIA)

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service.

This Brigade is responsible for controlling the airspace between the Ice Fields and the South Pole. Its Headquarters is located at the “Chabunco” Air Base, in Punta Arenas.

With a high level of operational readiness, its means and personnel carry out air and ground operations, which are combined with activities towards the community, transfer of authorities and collaboration with scientific projects.

Due to its location in the southernmost region of the world, this Brigade is frequently faced with harsh weather conditions.

One of its tasks is to provide support to Antarctic operations and control the development of activities at the "Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalva" Antarctic Air Base, the gateway to the white continent for scientific expeditions and bases from different countries located in said territory.

It also participates with its aerial means in the operations of the Air Search and Rescue Service within its jurisdictional area.

The Brigade has a Telecommunications and Detection Group and a Base Security Squadron, in charge, among other tasks, of providing protection to the force and instructing young people who perform Military Service.

Through its internal units, it provides administrative and logistical support.

• - IV Air Brigade (Punta Arenas) "IV Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Aviation Group N°6 (Princeps polaris iteneris)

• Aviation Group N°12 (Nocte dieque promptus)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group N°33 (Caveo Tibi)

• Antarctic Exploration Group N°19 (Conquest - Sovereignty)

• Aviation Infantry Group N°62 (Sic itur ad astra)

*Base Operations Group

• Chilean Aviation Commands

• Logistics Support Squadron

• Aerophotogrammetric Service

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Antarctic Division

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division.

Through its aviation groups and front-line aircraft, this Unit is characterized by maintaining a high degree of training and operational readiness of its means and personnel.

Their regular tasks include aeromedical evacuations, connectivity with isolated sectors, support in emergencies and natural disasters, and aerial search and rescue operations.

In addition, it stands out for maintaining a close bond with the community.

The Brigade is responsible for controlling the airspace between the Loa River and Vallenar. Its Headquarters is located at the “Cerro Moreno” Air Base, in Antofagasta, a place where the aviators live with their families.

This Brigade also has a Telecommunications and Detection Group, an Aviation Infantry Group, whose deployment allows it to provide protection to the force, and an Anti-Aircraft Defense Group, which also provides military instruction to citizens doing Military Service.

Likewise, its internal units provide administrative and logistical support.

• - V Air Brigade (Antofagasta) "V Air Brigade (Chile)")

• Base Wing N°1 (We are better)

• Aviation Group N°7 (Hostem repellas acriter)

• Aviation Group N°8 (Predominance)

• Anti-Aircraft Defense Group N°21 (Ready to combat)

• Telecommunications and Detection Group N°31 (Attentive to the enemy)

• Aviation Infantry Group N°41 (Focus belliger)

*Base Operations Group

• Chilean Aviation Commands

*Air Search and Rescue Service

• Supply Division

• Transportation and Services Division

• Aerophotogrammetric Service.

In-flight refueling

[48]​[49]​[50]​[51]​[52]​[53]​[54]​[55]​.

Early warning and airborne control

[56]​[57]​[58]​[59]​[60]​[61]​[62]​[63]​[64]​[65]​[66]​.

tactical transport aircraft

[67]​[68]​[69]​[70]​[71]​[72]​[73]​[74]​.

Aerophotogrammetry

[75]​[76]​[77]​[78]​[79]​[80]​.

fighter jets

[81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99]​.

Ground attack aircraft and training aircraft

[100]​[101]​[102]​[103]​[104]​[105]​[106]​.

training aircraft

[107]​[108]​[109]​[110]​[111]​.

unmanned aerial vehicle

[112]​[113]​[114]​[115]​[116]​[117]​[118]​[119]​[120]​[121]​[122]​[123]​.

aerial acrobatics

[124]​[125]​[126]​[127]​[128]​[129]​.

Search and Rescue Service

[130]​[131]​[132]​.

Glider tug

[133]​[134]​[135]​[136]​.

utility helicopter

[137]​[138]​[139]​[140]​[141]​[142]​[143]​[144]​[145]​[146]​[147]​[148]​[149]​[150]​[151]​[152]​.

[153]​[154]​[155]​[156]​[157]​[158]​.

The Chilean Air Force (FACH), in addition to its fleet of fighters and support aircraft, maintains a set of air defense systems intended to protect air bases, strategic infrastructure and sensitive points in the country against aerial threats.

The anti-aircraft defense of the FACH is organized mainly under the Combat Command, through its Anti-Aircraft Defense Groups (DDAA), which operate different short and medium range weapons systems, combining anti-aircraft artillery with surface-to-air missiles.

Throughout its history, the FACH has used everything from anti-aircraft guns of Swiss and American origin to modern infrared and radar guidance missile systems. Its most notable media includes:

• - Anti-aircraft artillery: 35 mm Oerlikon GDF cannons and associated fire direction systems.

• - Portable missiles (MANPADS): such as the MBDA Mygale.

• - Short-range self-propelled systems: such as the Mistral ATLAS and its variants.

• - Longer range missiles: in recent decades, more advanced systems have been incorporated to reinforce the coverage of strategic air bases.

The FACH doctrine seeks to integrate these means into a layered defense network, supported by air surveillance radars, command and control centers, and the coverage of air superiority fighters (F-16 Block 50 and MLU).

Together, these systems allow the FACH to protect national airspace both in peacetime and in crisis scenarios, complementing air deterrence with a solid ground defense capacity against attacks from the air.

[159]​[160]​[161]​[162]​[163]​[164]​[165]​[166]​[167]​[168]​[169]​[170]​[171]​[172]​[173]​[174]​[175]​[176]​.

• - Chilean Aviation Commands.

• - Chilean Air Force.

• - Anti-Aerial Hijacking Group.

• - Annex: Ships and space artifacts of Chile.

• - Military aviation.