Urban art: It is the work of art that tries to communicate through drawings on walls, these drawings and sculptures are from everyday life that tries to make the world aware of what is happening in society, community and dangers.

Graffiti: These are those graphs created by a group of members who maintain a code among themselves, placed on walls or in vacant places.[9]​.

All graffiti can be understood as a form of urban art, since it shares the use of public space as support and the intention of visual intervention; However, not all urban art is graffiti, since the latter is defined by its link with writing, the use of aerosol and the tradition of the signature or tag typical of the hip-hop movement.[10]​.

Art vs. vandalism

What for some is considered an art or an expression of a subculture,[11]​ others could consider it visual pollution, since it usually breaks with the order and aesthetics of cities.[12]​ For example, the abuse of tagging (signature of the graffiti artist) is common, in many cases invading public spaces without a precise artistic or aesthetic reason.[13]​.

Art and culture vs. Illegality and vandalism

If we define art as “the set of disciplines that are oriented toward an expressive and aesthetic purpose,”[14]​ the graffiti movement fits perfectly within the definition of art, explicitly said to the image. Making graffiti is a task that requires a very complex development process, since those who do it are subject to certain conditions that try to distance them from that goal. From structuring and having a clear idea of ​​what you want to capture, to determining the urban environment, together with the effort and persistence that the action entails, are the limitations that a graffiti artist must embrace and overcome to see his work completed.[15]​.

With different cities as centers of street art, some of its most recognized international exponents are Banksy, John Fekner, Shepard Fairey, Blek le Rat, Jacek Tylicki.

The difference in conceptions, techniques and ideological backgrounds that urban art artists address are reflected in their works. The use of ironic figures, as a mockery of politics or morals, or the repetition of designs throughout the urban space without real bases or objectives make some works seem meaningless. However, the basis is to create works, after analyzing and reflecting on reality, breaking with various rules of physics, perhaps gravity, or even creating things that no one ever thought could exist. And by its own conception it is open to constant renewal by its creators.

Spain

In Spain, urban art, in imitation of other European countries, was first born in the peripheral neighborhoods of the large cities and in the towns of their metropolitan areas and then spread throughout the rest of the country. Currently, Valencia, Madrid, Barcelona, ​​Pontevedra, Zaragoza and Cuenca "Cuenca (Spain)" are important centers of this discipline. The Aragonese capital is a benchmark thanks to its Asalto urban culture festival,[16]​ which brings together artists from all over the world and carries out interventions in the city.[17]​ It is worth highlighting the rural Leonese city of La Bañeza (León), which has become the European city with the most works per square meter built.[18]​.

In Spain, some references include artists such as Okuda San Miguel, Fasim") Felipe Pantone, Nano 4814"), SAN, Aryz"), Spok") or Suso33.[19]​[20]​.

The contemporary mural movement in Spain began to develop in the late 1990s, along with the rise of urban art and graffiti. Unlike the latter, focused on individual identity, muralism is committed to creating a dialogue with the community and revaluing public space through art.[21]​.

Considered a hallmark of identity since the founding of the city, Barcelona has been an important point of urban art. Generally carried out anonymously and in multiple ways, from a simple graffiti or inscription to the creation of complex murals located on public roads,[22] the theme has usually been accompanied by protest messages of a social or political nature. Since the 1980s, it experienced a period of splendor thanks to hip-hop culture "Hip hop (culture)")* from the United States, although it had a turning point with the promulgation of the 2006 civility ordinance that punished urban art manifestations with fines.[23]​.

In 2025, a report published by Metrópoli Abierta highlighted the rise of mural painting in commercial spaces, homes and urban design projects in Barcelona and Sitges, pointing out its consolidation as a visual and decorative communication tool in the urban environment.[24]​.

Urbanart San Roque,[25]​ held for several editions[26]​ on the La Rábida campus of the International University of Andalusia, was a project sponsored by Cepsa del Campo de Gibraltar and showed 30 photographs of as many young people with their works of urban art. The artist Antoni Gabarre and the vice-rector of the La Rábida campus, Yolanda Pelayo, were present at the presentation ceremony. Gabarre, with experience working in disparate places such as Bosnia and Northern Ireland and in prisons, highlighted that "my work has always been with people with integration problems. This exhibition is the result of two years of work from 2010 to 2012. Most of the between 80 and 90 young people who participate come from broken families and with psychosocial problems." For this multifaceted artist, sculptor, muralist and publicist, "muralism and graffiti are tools for intervention with young people and as prevention of vandalism." These programs are designed and implemented in coordination with public and private entities, and their main objectives are to raise awareness among citizens in general and young people in particular about respect for the urban environment, promote the improvement of urban aesthetics, the social integration of young people whose personal situation leads them to carry out acts of vandalism, and promote the creative development of young urban creators by providing them with resources and opportunities.[27]​.

A similar model is that of the capital of Cuenca, home of the Zarajo Deluxe festival, where creators from all over the European continent have worked.[28] As a result of their interventions on the ground, a route of urban art murals has been configured in Cuenca that runs through the streets and squares of the San Antón neighborhood, a medieval suburb of houses crowded on a hill next to the Júcar river that is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO next to the historic fortified city of Cuenca. and his Sickles.

In the capital of Spain, it is very common to find artistic pieces on the walls of the city. In Madrid, numerous artists known worldwide have captured their art. Within the city, one of the busiest neighborhoods is the Lavapiés area,[29]​ in the central district, where you can take a tour of the most famous pieces. At the same time, there are establishments and cultural centers that allow you to decorate the walls with drawings and, in general, art. One of them is the Tabacalera "Tabacalera (Madrid)"), in the ambassadors neighborhood.

City that houses the only Faculty of Fine Arts in Galicia[30]​ Pontevedra has welcomed in recent years multiple spaces that show off the history of the city through large paintings to remember.[31]​.

• - Pontevedra, 2014.

• - Pontevedra, 2014.

• - The city of Pontevedra hosts several interesting urban art exhibitions, 2014.

• - Graffiti on the wall of a street in Mataró, taking advantage of the chipping to represent Marge Simpson's hair, 2021.

With a wide list of artists, including Julieta XLF (Julia Silla), ESCIF, David de Limón"), Pichi&Avo") or Hyuro (Tamara Djurovic),[32]​ in Valencia you can see a wide and effervescent activity within urban art among which its creators stand out. [33] Considered one of the meccas in Spain of this artistic branch, the presence of tourists and graffiti artists, amateurs or not, from all over the world to take part in the various existing graffiti routes is common. works.[36]​.

Argentina

Urban or street art is a new form of expression for many artists. But in Argentina, street art was not always accepted. Different projects and tasks were carried out to obtain the support of the authorities and carry out the new project of beautifying the city. One of the greatest references is Martín Ron (artist) "Martín Ron (artist)"), who has made a large number of murals in the City of Buenos Aires and Greater Buenos Aires.

Another artist is "El Marian" (Mariano Antedomónico), a self-taught plastic artist and muralist, whose art has been shown in the country and has participated in festivals, group and individual exhibitions in Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata, Córdoba "Córdoba (Argentina)"), Salta and Santa Fe "Santa Fe (Argentina)") (Argentina), in Bogotá (Colombia) and Catalunia (Spain).[37]​.

Fio Silva is a muralist from the western area of ​​the Buenos Aires suburbs (named an illustrious citizen of Hurlingham) who works on walls in different parts of Argentina and the world.[38]​.

Gabriel D'Elía (son of Argentine parents) is an urban artist with a different style, he intervenes not only on walls, but uses all types of objects as canvas: cars, skateboards, phone cases, etc.[39]​ In that same artistic line, is Tomás Sarquis"), who also makes interventionism an expressive axis.[40]​.

Gerdy Harapos"),[41]​ Ale Giorgga"), Guille Pachelo, Boxi Trixi"), Rusty Deimos"), Bicicleta&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bicicleta (artist) (not yet written)") (Martín Gabriel) and Diego Martin Staffolani") are part of the group BA PASTE UP"),[42]​ an urban art movement whose main tool is the use of posters (or stickers) to intervene on walls.

I MEDIANERAS I is a duo made up of Vanesa Galdeano (Architect) and Anali Chanquia (Lic. in Arts), two Argentine artists who currently reside in Barcelona, ​​Spain. Unlike walls, which are only responsible for separating spaces, PARTY I walls are those that are shared between neighbors. This concept attracts us because we believe that public art, in addition to beautifying cities, vindicates the idea of ​​a place shared by all individuals. We seek to change the usual way in which we perceive spaces, alter the urban landscape of the street and enjoy the creative process together with the community of each place where we paint.

Vanesa Galdeano (architect) and Analí Chanquía (Lic. in Arts) have been working creating their works for more than 12 years in public spaces. They began producing together in 2015. They share the same concerns related to urban space and public art. Since then, they created a unifying project that they called I MEDIANERAS I in order to expand and link their production. They consider it essential to move, visit cities and carry out works that are part of the urban context.

Regarding the fundamental line of pictorial production, the representation of a wide variety of faces stands out in order to make visible the diversity in the spectrum of the community and the existence of different groups. These characters are frequently found within the architectures that are used as support and integrated into them through color and shape. Together they have worked in different cities such as Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Hollbox (Mexico), London, Wiesbaden (Germany), Covilha (Portugal), Salamanca (Spain), Madrid (Spain), Lisbon (Portugal), Rosario "Rosario (Argentina)") (Argentina), Buenos Aires, Bangkok (Thailand), Vienna (Austria), Fanzara (Spain), Chemnitz (Germany), Fortaleza "Fortaleza (Brazil)") (Brazil), Florianópolis (Brazil) or La Paz (Bolivia) among many others.[43]​.

Bolivia

Urban art in Bolivia highlights themes such as Pachamama, social conflicts, the environment, multiculturalism and daily life in the country as well as different shades of influence from around the world. Its urban artists take the city as canvases, capturing art in different places where art and the city coexist. For a few years, some organizations have been dedicated to improving the infrastructure and quality of life of different low-income neighborhoods with urban art interventions in cities such as La Paz, El Alto and other cities, in this way the streets of Bolivia become public art galleries and create the country's history.[44]​.

One of the most important urban art events is the Cochabamba Urban Art Biennial (BAU)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cochabamba Urban Art Biennial (BAU) (not yet written)"),[45][46]​ which is part of a long process of reconfiguration of public space, taking place every two years in the city starting in 2011. The starting point of which takes us to the historic center of Cochabamba and other areas. National artists such as Norka Paz, Oveja213"), Puriskiri") or Rococó&action=edit&redlink=1 "Rococo (artist) (not yet written)") and other international artists from countries such as Chile, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Italy and Peru, among which we can mention Charquipunk"), Inti, Salvador, ELODIO, Brigada Negotrópica, Rodrigo Branco, el Kalaka, Bastardilla "Bastardilla" have participated (urban artist)"), Erica il cane, Decertor, Entes or Pesimo.

Chili

Since 2012, the festival of urban interventions and urban art Hecho en Casa has been held annually in Santiago[47]​. During the days of the festival numerous large works, murals, performances and sculptures, as well as works in other formats, are installed in urban landmarks[49]​ so that citizens can interact with them.[50]​ Within the list of national and international artists who have participated in the Hecho en Casa with some work or intervention, is the Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman and the collectives Sand in Your Eye") and The Glue Society"), as well as the muralists Luis Núñez San Martín") and Payo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Payo (artist) (not yet written)").

Colombia

Urban art has helped change the public image of the country, changing Colombia from a country of war and drug trafficking to a country full of urban art, but this urban art has also helped Colombians find their sense of community again.

In recent years, graffiti has reinvented the city, which has made Bogotá one of the most famous cities on the world graffiti scene. In many of the busiest places in the Colombian capital, graffiti has ceased to be a symbol of insecurity and uncleanliness, and has become large-format works of art, which have motivated the formation of tourist circuits for your delight. The graffiti on these streets has also helped citizens accept the industrialization of these streets. For example, in the article co-written by Olga Caro-Pérez, Angie Fontalvo-Ortiz, Álvaro Acevedo-Merlano and Margarita Quintero-León "Walls that speak: the interculturality of a Colombian Caribbean city in Muralism and Street art. urbe" emphasis is placed on this approach.[51]​.

One of the most representative places has been Calle 26, on which there are interventions by recognized local artists such as Toxicómano, Lesivo or Guache. Along the avenue that crosses the city, you can see graffiti of all kinds, from those that seek recognition of ancestral roots or biodiversity, to those that seek to make social criticism or pay tribute to national figures such as Jaime Garzón. As Ángela María Lopera Molano and Patricia Coba Gutiérrez highlight the heterogeneity of Colombian artists in their article "Intervention of public space: citizen perception of graffiti in the city of Ibagué".[52]​.

At the end of the 90s of the century, a movement of Colombian graffiti artists emerged in Bogotá, Cali and Medellín,[53]​ among which were Fear First, Bastardilla "Bastardilla (urban artist)"), Lili Cuca, Era, Mela, Pecas, Missy and Gleo.[54]​.

Mexico

The manifestations of Street Art in Mexico began in the late 1980s in Mexico City within the multifamily buildings in the north of the city and the subway lines. Since then, urban art and graffiti have formed an essential part of the neighborhood identity in the different delegations in the metropolis. Currently there are different associations and groups that are dedicated to the proliferation of spaces for urban art in the Mexican capital, beyond the borders of the capital, Querétaro has emerged as one of the greatest references for urban art in the Mexican Republic (thanks to the urban art festivals) that the city hosts).[55] Other spearhead cities in this cultural phenomenon are Juárez,[56]​ Puebla,[57]​ Cholula,[58]​ Tijuana,[59]​ Pachuca[60]​ and San Miguel de Allende.[61]​.

In Oaxaca, urban art experienced a resurgence after the social conflict of 2006, when the streets of the historic center were filled with political graffiti and murals in response to state repression.[62] Collectives such as ASARO"), Lapiztola") and Colectivo Subterráneos have turned the city walls into spaces of collective memory and social denunciation, combining traditional engraving techniques with large-scale mural interventions. format.[62][63]​.

Currently there are festivals that promote urban art. In April 2016, the third edition of the ilustram'esta festival was held in Mexico City, with the participation of 18 artists, it was organized by the Assembly for Culture and Democracy (ACUDE), the result is 21 works that are captured in the murals of the pedestrian streets of Regina and San Jerónimo, these will be exhibited throughout the month of May.[64]​ This type of festivals promote the culture of artists and having free expression in a public space in a regulated manner, avoiding conflict between "artists" and authority, since many people consider the "art" of graffiti as vandalism, especially in countries like Mexico where neighborhood conflicts over territory continue to exist, where graffiti is used to indicate that the area is under the command of the neighborhood or gang that dominates that part of the territory.

There are also media, such as All City Canvas,[65]​ specialized in the dissemination of urban art, both in Mexico, Latin America and the rest of the world. This is how a universal language has been created around this artistic manifestation. Even in 2012, they were the first to organize a street art festival in Mexico that sought to unite international efforts and create works for a week in Mexico City. In recent years they have produced several murals in collaboration with talented artists such as Vhils"), It's a Living and Bier en Brood, as part of the All City Canvas Global Series[66]​ in various cities in Mexico and the United States. The objective of the initiative is to create an impact on society through a large-scale piece.

• - Graffiti on a house in the Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City.

• - Vhils Mural in Parque La Ruina") (Hermosillo, Sonora), produced for ACC Global Series.

Uruguay

In South America, and particularly in Uruguay, urban or street art is associated with political demands or football ties.

Although there are artists who display their art throughout the country, especially in Montevideo (the capital of Uruguay), street art is associated with political activists or soccer fans.

Venezuela

At a time when Caracas continued to progress towards modernity, it received a wave of emigrants. Among them was Ennio Tamiazzo, one of the first artists who implemented muralism in the Caracas city.

As multi-family buildings were built in the Venezuelan capital, this Italian artist captured his mosaics in El Rosal, San Bernardino, Altamira "Altamira (Caracas)") and Bello Monte.

While these works had a more cultural feel, much of the country's early street art was related to politics. Messages of disagreement or support for the leaders of the moment predominated. Over the years, street art in Venezuela evolved. Works with political overtones continued to star in the country's streets, but culture became part of the spotlight.

• - Wikimedia Commons hosts a multimedia gallery on Urban Art.

• - Article about urban art in Spain. Restless Culture, 03/05/2018.

• - Urban Art: Graphic Appropriation of Public Space.

• - Examples of Natural Urban Art.

• - Identity, urban art.

• - Photographs of urban art.

• - Urban planner: articles. Javier Abarca. Urbanario, Madrid. ISSN 2255-1239 Archived November 2, 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

• - Urban Monographs. Javier Abarca. Urbanario, Madrid. ISSN 2255-131X.

• - The Urban Mapping Agency. Exhibiton: Bogotá Collective Mapping. Museum of Art of the Bank of the Republic. Bogota, 2012.

Urban art: It is the work of art that tries to communicate through drawings on walls, these drawings and sculptures are from everyday life that tries to make the world aware of what is happening in society, community and dangers.

Graffiti: These are those graphs created by a group of members who maintain a code among themselves, placed on walls or in vacant places.[9]​.

All graffiti can be understood as a form of urban art, since it shares the use of public space as support and the intention of visual intervention; However, not all urban art is graffiti, since the latter is defined by its link with writing, the use of aerosol and the tradition of the signature or tag typical of the hip-hop movement.[10]​.

Art vs. vandalism

What for some is considered an art or an expression of a subculture,[11]​ others could consider it visual pollution, since it usually breaks with the order and aesthetics of cities.[12]​ For example, the abuse of tagging (signature of the graffiti artist) is common, in many cases invading public spaces without a precise artistic or aesthetic reason.[13]​.

Art and culture vs. Illegality and vandalism

If we define art as “the set of disciplines that are oriented toward an expressive and aesthetic purpose,”[14]​ the graffiti movement fits perfectly within the definition of art, explicitly said to the image. Making graffiti is a task that requires a very complex development process, since those who do it are subject to certain conditions that try to distance them from that goal. From structuring and having a clear idea of ​​what you want to capture, to determining the urban environment, together with the effort and persistence that the action entails, are the limitations that a graffiti artist must embrace and overcome to see his work completed.[15]​.

With different cities as centers of street art, some of its most recognized international exponents are Banksy, John Fekner, Shepard Fairey, Blek le Rat, Jacek Tylicki.

The difference in conceptions, techniques and ideological backgrounds that urban art artists address are reflected in their works. The use of ironic figures, as a mockery of politics or morals, or the repetition of designs throughout the urban space without real bases or objectives make some works seem meaningless. However, the basis is to create works, after analyzing and reflecting on reality, breaking with various rules of physics, perhaps gravity, or even creating things that no one ever thought could exist. And by its own conception it is open to constant renewal by its creators.

Spain

In Spain, urban art, in imitation of other European countries, was first born in the peripheral neighborhoods of the large cities and in the towns of their metropolitan areas and then spread throughout the rest of the country. Currently, Valencia, Madrid, Barcelona, ​​Pontevedra, Zaragoza and Cuenca "Cuenca (Spain)" are important centers of this discipline. The Aragonese capital is a benchmark thanks to its Asalto urban culture festival,[16]​ which brings together artists from all over the world and carries out interventions in the city.[17]​ It is worth highlighting the rural Leonese city of La Bañeza (León), which has become the European city with the most works per square meter built.[18]​.

In Spain, some references include artists such as Okuda San Miguel, Fasim") Felipe Pantone, Nano 4814"), SAN, Aryz"), Spok") or Suso33.[19]​[20]​.

The contemporary mural movement in Spain began to develop in the late 1990s, along with the rise of urban art and graffiti. Unlike the latter, focused on individual identity, muralism is committed to creating a dialogue with the community and revaluing public space through art.[21]​.

Considered a hallmark of identity since the founding of the city, Barcelona has been an important point of urban art. Generally carried out anonymously and in multiple ways, from a simple graffiti or inscription to the creation of complex murals located on public roads,[22] the theme has usually been accompanied by protest messages of a social or political nature. Since the 1980s, it experienced a period of splendor thanks to hip-hop culture "Hip hop (culture)")* from the United States, although it had a turning point with the promulgation of the 2006 civility ordinance that punished urban art manifestations with fines.[23]​.

In 2025, a report published by Metrópoli Abierta highlighted the rise of mural painting in commercial spaces, homes and urban design projects in Barcelona and Sitges, pointing out its consolidation as a visual and decorative communication tool in the urban environment.[24]​.

Urbanart San Roque,[25]​ held for several editions[26]​ on the La Rábida campus of the International University of Andalusia, was a project sponsored by Cepsa del Campo de Gibraltar and showed 30 photographs of as many young people with their works of urban art. The artist Antoni Gabarre and the vice-rector of the La Rábida campus, Yolanda Pelayo, were present at the presentation ceremony. Gabarre, with experience working in disparate places such as Bosnia and Northern Ireland and in prisons, highlighted that "my work has always been with people with integration problems. This exhibition is the result of two years of work from 2010 to 2012. Most of the between 80 and 90 young people who participate come from broken families and with psychosocial problems." For this multifaceted artist, sculptor, muralist and publicist, "muralism and graffiti are tools for intervention with young people and as prevention of vandalism." These programs are designed and implemented in coordination with public and private entities, and their main objectives are to raise awareness among citizens in general and young people in particular about respect for the urban environment, promote the improvement of urban aesthetics, the social integration of young people whose personal situation leads them to carry out acts of vandalism, and promote the creative development of young urban creators by providing them with resources and opportunities.[27]​.

A similar model is that of the capital of Cuenca, home of the Zarajo Deluxe festival, where creators from all over the European continent have worked.[28] As a result of their interventions on the ground, a route of urban art murals has been configured in Cuenca that runs through the streets and squares of the San Antón neighborhood, a medieval suburb of houses crowded on a hill next to the Júcar river that is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO next to the historic fortified city of Cuenca. and his Sickles.

In the capital of Spain, it is very common to find artistic pieces on the walls of the city. In Madrid, numerous artists known worldwide have captured their art. Within the city, one of the busiest neighborhoods is the Lavapiés area,[29]​ in the central district, where you can take a tour of the most famous pieces. At the same time, there are establishments and cultural centers that allow you to decorate the walls with drawings and, in general, art. One of them is the Tabacalera "Tabacalera (Madrid)"), in the ambassadors neighborhood.

City that houses the only Faculty of Fine Arts in Galicia[30]​ Pontevedra has welcomed in recent years multiple spaces that show off the history of the city through large paintings to remember.[31]​.

• - Pontevedra, 2014.

• - Pontevedra, 2014.

• - The city of Pontevedra hosts several interesting urban art exhibitions, 2014.

• - Graffiti on the wall of a street in Mataró, taking advantage of the chipping to represent Marge Simpson's hair, 2021.

With a wide list of artists, including Julieta XLF (Julia Silla), ESCIF, David de Limón"), Pichi&Avo") or Hyuro (Tamara Djurovic),[32]​ in Valencia you can see a wide and effervescent activity within urban art among which its creators stand out. [33] Considered one of the meccas in Spain of this artistic branch, the presence of tourists and graffiti artists, amateurs or not, from all over the world to take part in the various existing graffiti routes is common. works.[36]​.

Argentina

Urban or street art is a new form of expression for many artists. But in Argentina, street art was not always accepted. Different projects and tasks were carried out to obtain the support of the authorities and carry out the new project of beautifying the city. One of the greatest references is Martín Ron (artist) "Martín Ron (artist)"), who has made a large number of murals in the City of Buenos Aires and Greater Buenos Aires.

Another artist is "El Marian" (Mariano Antedomónico), a self-taught plastic artist and muralist, whose art has been shown in the country and has participated in festivals, group and individual exhibitions in Buenos Aires, Mar del Plata, Córdoba "Córdoba (Argentina)"), Salta and Santa Fe "Santa Fe (Argentina)") (Argentina), in Bogotá (Colombia) and Catalunia (Spain).[37]​.

Fio Silva is a muralist from the western area of ​​the Buenos Aires suburbs (named an illustrious citizen of Hurlingham) who works on walls in different parts of Argentina and the world.[38]​.

Gabriel D'Elía (son of Argentine parents) is an urban artist with a different style, he intervenes not only on walls, but uses all types of objects as canvas: cars, skateboards, phone cases, etc.[39]​ In that same artistic line, is Tomás Sarquis"), who also makes interventionism an expressive axis.[40]​.

Gerdy Harapos"),[41]​ Ale Giorgga"), Guille Pachelo, Boxi Trixi"), Rusty Deimos"), Bicicleta&action=edit&redlink=1 "Bicicleta (artist) (not yet written)") (Martín Gabriel) and Diego Martin Staffolani") are part of the group BA PASTE UP"),[42]​ an urban art movement whose main tool is the use of posters (or stickers) to intervene on walls.

I MEDIANERAS I is a duo made up of Vanesa Galdeano (Architect) and Anali Chanquia (Lic. in Arts), two Argentine artists who currently reside in Barcelona, ​​Spain. Unlike walls, which are only responsible for separating spaces, PARTY I walls are those that are shared between neighbors. This concept attracts us because we believe that public art, in addition to beautifying cities, vindicates the idea of ​​a place shared by all individuals. We seek to change the usual way in which we perceive spaces, alter the urban landscape of the street and enjoy the creative process together with the community of each place where we paint.

Vanesa Galdeano (architect) and Analí Chanquía (Lic. in Arts) have been working creating their works for more than 12 years in public spaces. They began producing together in 2015. They share the same concerns related to urban space and public art. Since then, they created a unifying project that they called I MEDIANERAS I in order to expand and link their production. They consider it essential to move, visit cities and carry out works that are part of the urban context.

Regarding the fundamental line of pictorial production, the representation of a wide variety of faces stands out in order to make visible the diversity in the spectrum of the community and the existence of different groups. These characters are frequently found within the architectures that are used as support and integrated into them through color and shape. Together they have worked in different cities such as Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Hollbox (Mexico), London, Wiesbaden (Germany), Covilha (Portugal), Salamanca (Spain), Madrid (Spain), Lisbon (Portugal), Rosario "Rosario (Argentina)") (Argentina), Buenos Aires, Bangkok (Thailand), Vienna (Austria), Fanzara (Spain), Chemnitz (Germany), Fortaleza "Fortaleza (Brazil)") (Brazil), Florianópolis (Brazil) or La Paz (Bolivia) among many others.[43]​.

Bolivia

Urban art in Bolivia highlights themes such as Pachamama, social conflicts, the environment, multiculturalism and daily life in the country as well as different shades of influence from around the world. Its urban artists take the city as canvases, capturing art in different places where art and the city coexist. For a few years, some organizations have been dedicated to improving the infrastructure and quality of life of different low-income neighborhoods with urban art interventions in cities such as La Paz, El Alto and other cities, in this way the streets of Bolivia become public art galleries and create the country's history.[44]​.

One of the most important urban art events is the Cochabamba Urban Art Biennial (BAU)&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cochabamba Urban Art Biennial (BAU) (not yet written)"),[45][46]​ which is part of a long process of reconfiguration of public space, taking place every two years in the city starting in 2011. The starting point of which takes us to the historic center of Cochabamba and other areas. National artists such as Norka Paz, Oveja213"), Puriskiri") or Rococó&action=edit&redlink=1 "Rococo (artist) (not yet written)") and other international artists from countries such as Chile, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Italy and Peru, among which we can mention Charquipunk"), Inti, Salvador, ELODIO, Brigada Negotrópica, Rodrigo Branco, el Kalaka, Bastardilla "Bastardilla" have participated (urban artist)"), Erica il cane, Decertor, Entes or Pesimo.

Chili

Since 2012, the festival of urban interventions and urban art Hecho en Casa has been held annually in Santiago[47]​. During the days of the festival numerous large works, murals, performances and sculptures, as well as works in other formats, are installed in urban landmarks[49]​ so that citizens can interact with them.[50]​ Within the list of national and international artists who have participated in the Hecho en Casa with some work or intervention, is the Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman and the collectives Sand in Your Eye") and The Glue Society"), as well as the muralists Luis Núñez San Martín") and Payo&action=edit&redlink=1 "Payo (artist) (not yet written)").

Colombia

Urban art has helped change the public image of the country, changing Colombia from a country of war and drug trafficking to a country full of urban art, but this urban art has also helped Colombians find their sense of community again.

In recent years, graffiti has reinvented the city, which has made Bogotá one of the most famous cities on the world graffiti scene. In many of the busiest places in the Colombian capital, graffiti has ceased to be a symbol of insecurity and uncleanliness, and has become large-format works of art, which have motivated the formation of tourist circuits for your delight. The graffiti on these streets has also helped citizens accept the industrialization of these streets. For example, in the article co-written by Olga Caro-Pérez, Angie Fontalvo-Ortiz, Álvaro Acevedo-Merlano and Margarita Quintero-León "Walls that speak: the interculturality of a Colombian Caribbean city in Muralism and Street art. urbe" emphasis is placed on this approach.[51]​.

One of the most representative places has been Calle 26, on which there are interventions by recognized local artists such as Toxicómano, Lesivo or Guache. Along the avenue that crosses the city, you can see graffiti of all kinds, from those that seek recognition of ancestral roots or biodiversity, to those that seek to make social criticism or pay tribute to national figures such as Jaime Garzón. As Ángela María Lopera Molano and Patricia Coba Gutiérrez highlight the heterogeneity of Colombian artists in their article "Intervention of public space: citizen perception of graffiti in the city of Ibagué".[52]​.

At the end of the 90s of the century, a movement of Colombian graffiti artists emerged in Bogotá, Cali and Medellín,[53]​ among which were Fear First, Bastardilla "Bastardilla (urban artist)"), Lili Cuca, Era, Mela, Pecas, Missy and Gleo.[54]​.

Mexico

The manifestations of Street Art in Mexico began in the late 1980s in Mexico City within the multifamily buildings in the north of the city and the subway lines. Since then, urban art and graffiti have formed an essential part of the neighborhood identity in the different delegations in the metropolis. Currently there are different associations and groups that are dedicated to the proliferation of spaces for urban art in the Mexican capital, beyond the borders of the capital, Querétaro has emerged as one of the greatest references for urban art in the Mexican Republic (thanks to the urban art festivals) that the city hosts).[55] Other spearhead cities in this cultural phenomenon are Juárez,[56]​ Puebla,[57]​ Cholula,[58]​ Tijuana,[59]​ Pachuca[60]​ and San Miguel de Allende.[61]​.

In Oaxaca, urban art experienced a resurgence after the social conflict of 2006, when the streets of the historic center were filled with political graffiti and murals in response to state repression.[62] Collectives such as ASARO"), Lapiztola") and Colectivo Subterráneos have turned the city walls into spaces of collective memory and social denunciation, combining traditional engraving techniques with large-scale mural interventions. format.[62][63]​.

Currently there are festivals that promote urban art. In April 2016, the third edition of the ilustram'esta festival was held in Mexico City, with the participation of 18 artists, it was organized by the Assembly for Culture and Democracy (ACUDE), the result is 21 works that are captured in the murals of the pedestrian streets of Regina and San Jerónimo, these will be exhibited throughout the month of May.[64]​ This type of festivals promote the culture of artists and having free expression in a public space in a regulated manner, avoiding conflict between "artists" and authority, since many people consider the "art" of graffiti as vandalism, especially in countries like Mexico where neighborhood conflicts over territory continue to exist, where graffiti is used to indicate that the area is under the command of the neighborhood or gang that dominates that part of the territory.

There are also media, such as All City Canvas,[65]​ specialized in the dissemination of urban art, both in Mexico, Latin America and the rest of the world. This is how a universal language has been created around this artistic manifestation. Even in 2012, they were the first to organize a street art festival in Mexico that sought to unite international efforts and create works for a week in Mexico City. In recent years they have produced several murals in collaboration with talented artists such as Vhils"), It's a Living and Bier en Brood, as part of the All City Canvas Global Series[66]​ in various cities in Mexico and the United States. The objective of the initiative is to create an impact on society through a large-scale piece.

• - Graffiti on a house in the Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas, Mexico City.

• - Vhils Mural in Parque La Ruina") (Hermosillo, Sonora), produced for ACC Global Series.

Uruguay

In South America, and particularly in Uruguay, urban or street art is associated with political demands or football ties.

Although there are artists who display their art throughout the country, especially in Montevideo (the capital of Uruguay), street art is associated with political activists or soccer fans.

Venezuela

At a time when Caracas continued to progress towards modernity, it received a wave of emigrants. Among them was Ennio Tamiazzo, one of the first artists who implemented muralism in the Caracas city.

As multi-family buildings were built in the Venezuelan capital, this Italian artist captured his mosaics in El Rosal, San Bernardino, Altamira "Altamira (Caracas)") and Bello Monte.

While these works had a more cultural feel, much of the country's early street art was related to politics. Messages of disagreement or support for the leaders of the moment predominated. Over the years, street art in Venezuela evolved. Works with political overtones continued to star in the country's streets, but culture became part of the spotlight.

• - Wikimedia Commons hosts a multimedia gallery on Urban Art.

• - Article about urban art in Spain. Restless Culture, 03/05/2018.

• - Urban Art: Graphic Appropriation of Public Space.

• - Examples of Natural Urban Art.

• - Identity, urban art.

• - Photographs of urban art.

• - Urban planner: articles. Javier Abarca. Urbanario, Madrid. ISSN 2255-1239 Archived November 2, 2013 at the Wayback Machine.

• - Urban Monographs. Javier Abarca. Urbanario, Madrid. ISSN 2255-131X.

• - The Urban Mapping Agency. Exhibiton: Bogotá Collective Mapping. Museum of Art of the Bank of the Republic. Bogota, 2012.