Management of functional areas
Introduction
Business administration, also called business management, business administration or commercial engineering, is the discipline that deals with the planning, organization, direction and control of the resources and activities of an organization with the purpose of achieving its objectives efficiently and effectively.[1][2].
Purpose and scope
Business administration applies to organizations of different sizes and nature, from small businesses to large multinational corporations. Its purpose is to optimize the use of human, financial, technological and material resources, guaranteeing sustainability and competitiveness in changing environments.[3].
Functional areas
The discipline covers decision making in different key areas of business management, including:[4].
Importance
The central objective of business administration is to coordinate the organization's resources to improve the relationship between productivity, quality, costs, distribution and logistics. Likewise, it seeks to foster an environment of continuous improvement and adaptation to changes in the global market.[5].
History
Background
The first administration processes emerged as a consequence of demographic growth that led to the association of efforts to achieve a specific purpose, assigning tasks to each member of the family group to work as a tribe in hunting, fishing and gathering activities. Having a head of the family who exercised authority over the work to be carried out depending on the sexes and ages of the individuals. [6].
Hunting, fishing and gathering took a place of secondary importance in the agricultural economy, along with sedentary lifestyles, marking the beginning of civilization, allowing the emergence of much more organized communities. Mesopotamia and Egypt are the main representatives of the time when social classes were organized by controlling collective work and the payment of taxes in kind. The perpetrators of modern administration were the officials in charge of applying the State's tax policies and the management of humans for architectural works. [6].