Machining fluids
Definition
Introduction to machining fluids
Machining fluids are substances used in industrial processes to improve the efficiency and quality of cutting, chip removal and material shaping operations. Its main function is to reduce friction and dissipate the heat generated during machining, extending the useful life of the tools and improving the dimensional precision of the worked parts.
In addition to cooling and lubrication, these fluids can perform other functions such as corrosion protection, chip evacuation, and improving safety and ergonomics in the work area. Its correct selection and application is essential to optimize production processes and minimize operating costs.
Types of machining fluids
Soluble fluids or emulsions
Soluble fluids, also known as emulsions, are mixtures of mineral or synthetic oils with water, forming a homogeneous suspension. Its concentration can vary, but generally ranges between 3% and 10% oil in water. This composition allows good cooling due to the high water content, and moderate lubrication thanks to the oil.
These fluids are widely used in general machining operations, such as milling, turning and drilling, especially when cutting temperature control is required. In addition, their handling is cheaper and safer compared to pure oils, although they require adequate maintenance to prevent the proliferation of bacteria and fungi.
Cutting oils
Cutting oils are fluids that contain a high percentage of oil, whether mineral, vegetable or synthetic, and are used primarily for their lubricating properties. They are indicated in processes where reducing tool wear is critical, such as in the machining of hard metals or in fine finishing operations.
Although they have a lower cooling capacity than emulsions, their excellent lubricating capacity can significantly improve the surface quality of parts and prolong tool life. However, these oils can generate higher costs and environmental risks, so their management and recycling are important aspects.