Machining fluids
Introduction
Drill or cutting oil is a product composed of water and oils that is used as a lubricant and coolant in parts manufacturing processes.[1] Its use is very common in machining by chip removal of metal parts and, to a lesser extent, in the transformation of glass.[2] For the machining of composite materials, because conventional drills could chemically attack the material[3], fluids developed specifically for this type of materials are used and that fulfill the same lubricating and cooling function.[4][5].
It usually circulates through a cooling and lubrication circuit that pumps the liquid over the edge of the tool to avoid excessive heating that could quickly deteriorate it.
Properties
Coolant improves the physical and chemical conditions of the contact area between metals, extending the life of the tools and reducing friction. It also carries out cooling tasks, preventing overheating of the tools and the parts on which they operate. Other effects are the evacuation of chips and filings, rust prevention and its cleaning effect.[2].
In its composition there are sulfur additives, paraffins, chlorines and also synthetic oils (polyglycols and esters). It is also common to add solid lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide and zinc disulfide").[6].
Utilization
According to its composition and characteristics, the product is classified as synthetic, semi-synthetic") and oil emulsion derivatives. The most used are formulas based on mineral oil.[6].
The machine tools that usually use coolant are the lathe, the band saw, the milling machine and the drill.
In these machines, the coolant is in a tank from which it is pumped to its point of application (between the part being acted upon and the moving part of the machine), from where it is recirculated back to the tank. During this process, a good part of the product is lost; part of it evaporates, another is spilled and another is lost with the chips generated.[2].
Exhaustion
When, due to continued use, coolants lose their properties and suffer alterations in their characteristics, they become dangerous waste that, as such, must be properly managed by the user company. Discharges into drainage systems cause serious damage to the environment, and can cause disasters among fish fauna due to their toxicity. Therefore, authorized waste managers must eliminate them.[2].
Various techniques are used for its destruction:[2].
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References
- [1] ↑ Real Academia Española. «taladrina». Diccionario de la lengua española (23.ª edición).: https://dle.rae.es/taladrina
- [2] ↑ a b c d e Revista Ambientum «Edición 2004 -Suelos y Residuos: Taladrinas agotadas Archivado el 27 de junio de 2012 en Wayback Machine.» Consultado el 17 de abril de 2012.: http://www.ambientum.com/revista/2004_07/TALADRINAS%20imprimir.htm
- [3] ↑ Montero García, Laura (julio de 2010). «Estudio del mecanizado de materiales compuestos». Proyecto de fin de carrera (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid): p. 35. Consultado el 05/01/2021.: https://ingemecanica.com/tutorialsemanal/objetos/tutorial36.pdf
- [4] ↑ Müller-Hummel, Peter (15 de junio de 2012). «Retos para el mecanizado mecánico de materiales compuestos de fibras destinados a la construcción ligera». Metalmecánica (Interempresas.net). Consultado el 05/01/2021.: https://www.interempresas.net/MetalMecanica/Articulos/81259-Retos-mecanizado-mecanico-materiales-compuestos-fibras-destinados-construccion-ligera.html
- [5] ↑ Jürgen Schlindwein, Hans. «Mecanizado de composites con fluido refrigerante».: https://www.rhenuslub.es/mecanizado-composites-fluido-refrigerante/
- [6] ↑ a b Istas.net «Taladrinas Archivado el 31 de enero de 2010 en Wayback Machine.» Consultado el 17 de abril de 2012.: http://www.istas.net/fittema/att/fl1.htm