Lunettes evaluation
Introduction
The Ica Cathedral (also known as San Jerónimo Cathedral) is the main cathedral in the city of the same name, in Peru. Located on Bolívar Street, it was part of the monumental complex of the Company of Jesus.
The construction dates back to the 19th century, it was remodeled in 1814. In 2007 it was damaged by an earthquake. It is currently in the process of restoration.[1].
The exterior of the temple is neoclassical and the interior is baroque.
The Cathedral is composed of three naves and four chapels, it has the shape of a Latin Cross, with Transept, Apse and Presbytery. The main nave is covered by a barrel vault with lunettes and reinforced arches. The side naves have small domes. The main façade shows a triangular pediment and two bell towers. Almost the entire structure is made up of the traditional quincha, with a cane and mud frame. The columns of the main nave have a reticular wooden structure. The vertical elements are connected to each other by horizontal and inclined leather ties thus giving a precise structural function. Apparently the original construction techniques gave that natural tightness to the leather straps through their natural drying after installation. The façade wall is built of brick and the sides of adobe.
The main damage caused by the 2007 earthquake consists of the partial collapse of the main dome, the vaults of the main nave and the tensions and cracks in the other vaults of the cupulines and the side walls. The main cause of the observed damage is attributed to the formation of plastic lesions in the columns, with results of permanent deformations and horizontal displacements towards the lateral naves. The hinges mentioned seem to have been formed at the level of connection between columns and the foundation, which seem to protrude above ground level.
Damage is also recognized on the façade, where the base of the upper pediment reached the formation of a longitudinal injury that caused it to fall backwards. The southern bell tower also has considerable damage.
In general, this preliminary proposal was made in accordance with the potential availability of funds. The purpose of the main emergency measures – shoring up, removing fallen, unstable or unrecoverable parts – to allow access to technicians in charge of geometric and structural evaluation and debris removal. Based on the evaluation, an intervention design required for the full recovery, stabilization and protection of the vertical structure will be carried out.
The fundamental reasons for the general stabilization of the structure of the Cathedral will be oriented towards the elimination of the causes recognized by the preliminary evaluation. The structural weakness of the base of the columns in the foundation connection section has been seen as the main reason for the overall deformation of the naves leading to the instability of the vaults and domes. Despite the low overall amount of mass covering the structure, made of traditional lightweight material such as reed and quincha, the reaction of the domes and vaults to the earthquake was compromised by a large displacement caused by the rotation of the columns. For this reason, strengthening the base of the columns appears to be a top priority. The reinforcement methods will be based on advanced principles of physics, chemistry and mechanical compatibility, respecting architectural originality as a whole, and oriented to a complete reversibility parameter.