Belgium

Since January 2019, Euro 2 diesel and Euro 1 gasoline vehicles cannot enter the low emissions zone of the Brussels-Capital Region.[7]​

As of the beginning of 2020, there are three low-emission zones in Belgium, in Brussels, Antwerp and Ghent.[8]​.

France

The first "restricted traffic zone" was introduced in Paris in September 2015.

In October 2018, fifteen French cities experiencing atmospheric pollutant concentration threshold exceedances planned to define low emissions zones (LEZ) on their territory by the end of 2020.

The "climate and resilience" law definitively adopted in 2021 provides for the creation of SPAs in all urban areas with more than 150,000 inhabitants no later than December 31, 2024, that is, 45 SPAs, and a national calendar for the progressive ban of the most polluting vehicles.

Italy

Italy has Low Emission Zones applicable to all vehicles[9] There are Low Emission Zones combined with urban toll systems in Milan and Palermo, as well as low emission zones with different standards and time periods. The latter are found mainly in northern Italy, but also in central Italy and Sicily.[10]​.

United Kingdom

The London Low Emission Zone came into force in 2008 and covers almost all of Greater London, the largest such zone in the world.

The London Ultra Low Emission Zone became operational on 8 April 2019. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, Mayor Sadiq Khan asked TfL to suspend the application of the next phase of the LEZ rules, which were due to come into force on 26 October, so that they would apply instead from the end of February 2021.

Since 2015, more than 60 local authorities have been ordered to tackle illegal levels of air pollution, so many are planning to introduce clean air zones. The following cities have plans to introduce LEZs: Aberdeen (2020), Bath (2021), Birmingham (2019), Derby, Dundee (2020), Edinburgh (2020), Manchester (2021), Newcastle (2021) and Sheffield (2021).

From June 2020, Oxford aims to become the first city to implement a Zero Emission Zone (ZEZ) scheme, starting with a small zone that will come into force in mid-2021. Its start in 2020 has been postponed due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the proposals can be more accurately described as a Low Emission Zone or Ultra Low Emission Zone, as any vehicle can enter for a fee. The plan is to gradually expand the ZEZ to a much larger area, until the ZEZ covers most of the city center in 2035.[11]​.

Other ZBEs in Europe

There are also Low Emission Zones (or "Zero Emissions") in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Latvia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Ireland.[9]​.

Germany

The criteria for classification as an ecological zone (Umweltzone) have been established at national level, and a sticker must be placed on the windshield of the vehicle.[6]​.

Belgium

Since January 2019, Euro 2 diesel and Euro 1 gasoline vehicles cannot enter the low emissions zone of the Brussels-Capital Region.[7]​

As of the beginning of 2020, there are three low-emission zones in Belgium, in Brussels, Antwerp and Ghent.[8]​.

France

The first "restricted traffic zone" was introduced in Paris in September 2015.

In October 2018, fifteen French cities experiencing atmospheric pollutant concentration threshold exceedances planned to define low emissions zones (LEZ) on their territory by the end of 2020.

The "climate and resilience" law definitively adopted in 2021 provides for the creation of SPAs in all urban areas with more than 150,000 inhabitants no later than December 31, 2024, that is, 45 SPAs, and a national calendar for the progressive ban of the most polluting vehicles.

Italy

Italy has Low Emission Zones applicable to all vehicles[9] There are Low Emission Zones combined with urban toll systems in Milan and Palermo, as well as low emission zones with different standards and time periods. The latter are found mainly in northern Italy, but also in central Italy and Sicily.[10]​.

United Kingdom

The London Low Emission Zone came into force in 2008 and covers almost all of Greater London, the largest such zone in the world.

The London Ultra Low Emission Zone became operational on 8 April 2019. In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, Mayor Sadiq Khan asked TfL to suspend the application of the next phase of the LEZ rules, which were due to come into force on 26 October, so that they would apply instead from the end of February 2021.

Since 2015, more than 60 local authorities have been ordered to tackle illegal levels of air pollution, so many are planning to introduce clean air zones. The following cities have plans to introduce LEZs: Aberdeen (2020), Bath (2021), Birmingham (2019), Derby, Dundee (2020), Edinburgh (2020), Manchester (2021), Newcastle (2021) and Sheffield (2021).

From June 2020, Oxford aims to become the first city to implement a Zero Emission Zone (ZEZ) scheme, starting with a small zone that will come into force in mid-2021. Its start in 2020 has been postponed due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the proposals can be more accurately described as a Low Emission Zone or Ultra Low Emission Zone, as any vehicle can enter for a fee. The plan is to gradually expand the ZEZ to a much larger area, until the ZEZ covers most of the city center in 2035.[11]​.

Other ZBEs in Europe

There are also Low Emission Zones (or "Zero Emissions") in Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Latvia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Ireland.[9]​.