Contenido
Pararrayos Compensador Múltiple de Campo Eléctrico (C.M.C.E.).
Es un sistema protección contra descargas atmosféricas de alta tecnología, cuenta un captador pasivo diseñado para equilibrar y compensar en todo momento el campo eléctrico variable existente en el entorno, que generan los fenómenos atmosféricos, anulando de esta manera la formación adelantada del trazador ascendente evitando el impacto del rayo contra la estructura, generando un envolvente de protección en su área de cobertura, drenando las cargas eléctricas a un sistema de tierra, en una corriente que se encuentra a escala de los miliamperes (inofensivas). Este modelo cuenta con certificaciones a estudios de laboratorios, y a normativas estándares a nivel mundial.
"Basada en los principios de funcionamiento de un pararrayos creado por científico Nikola Tesla en su patente 1.266.175, presentado por la misma en el año 1918, un pararrayos de mayor seguridad y funcionalidad muy distinta de lo convencional, ya que por lo general la misma genera inseguridad a causa la potente energía durante la descarga al sistema tierra y sobre todo pérdidas costosas; según las palabras de Dr. Nikola Tesla". El c.m.c.e. es una evolución desarrollada del pararrayos primitivo creado por el físico, que desioniza y equilibra en todo momento las cargas atmosféricas a través de sus compensadores.
Electrostatic charge deionizing arrester
Some authors[4] claim that thanks to its design, the electrostatic charge deionizing lightning rod cancels the electric field in the structures, therefore inhibiting the formation of lightning in the area that is protected by anticipating the lightning formation process, to weaken the electric field present, in weak currents that leak to the ground and avoid possible lightning strikes on the structures. Other authors affirm that its presence does not constitute protection different from that provided by a conventional lightning rod.[5] In this regard, it has been stated that:.
Investigations of the electrostatics of the atmosphere have shown that pointed objects immersed in an electrostatic field of sufficient magnitude will generate streamers. The more pointed the object, the faster the streamer will be created, with the one that has points in all directions being more competitive. Considering this phenomenon, it is common to find protection elements with an increasing number of pointed elements, oriented in different directions. The elements made up of bars will receive the electric discharges in them while those that are made up of hundreds of sharp needles in a body that mimics a brush or brush, channel the electrostatic currents. They are called Static Dissipatives") and are being increasingly used in the protection of metal structures.
As with CMCE lightning rods, there is currently no regulation that regulates the manufacturing, testing and installation of this type of device.
Lightning rods are reliable lightning protection products for most installations except metal structures. The metal structure is already highly exposed to lightning and an additional lightning rod on top of it is increasing the risk of being struck by lightning. For ordinary, concrete buildings, the lightning rod attracts the lightning and transfers the current to the conducting wire and lets the current flow through the conductor and reach the ground.
When the lightning rod system is applied to the metal structure, it is, in itself, sufficiently conductive, with a large metallic section, so that the current prefers it as a path, so it jumps over it and the flashover around it can damage the equipment attached to the structure and people near it, a phenomenon that is verified in practice (or it is required to place ground conductors with a large metal section that is a better conductor than the tower, preferably straight copper bars conveniently placed). For this reason, lightning rods are not suitable for metal structures such as telecommunications towers, radio-TV towers, tower cranes, wind turbines, etc. In these, expert protection companies place Static Dissipators"). As discussed in the previous section, the scientific demonstration of their real effectiveness is difficult to verify and there is no mathematical model of the phenomenon. The owners of the towers have preferred to opt for providing protection with these relatively cheap elements, easy to fix to the structures, they do not require ground wiring. Over the years of use, by comparing statistics, it will be possible to know if, in practical terms, this solution is effective or not.
High voltage transmission lines have wires expressly intended for protection against lightning. Although effective, in practice, line damage is still observed given the unpredictable nature of these natural phenomena. The explanation seems coherent that the cable, because it is round, does not contribute enough to attract the discharge or to channel the electrostatic currents that go in front of the charged cloud. The lightning strikes at the high and sharp points of the towers and at bends or changes in curvature of the cable itself. At these points, particular attention is being paid to increase the protection of the lines and resources such as Static Dissipators are being used.
Variable Electric Field Compensating Lightning Arrester (PDCE or DDCE).
It is a passive collector system designed to balance and deionize at all times the electrical charges generated by atmospheric phenomena. It fulfills this function through compensators, generating a protective envelope in its coverage area. Its operating principle is based on compensating and balancing the variable electric field existing in the environment, thus canceling the formation of the ascending tracer, anticipating the formation of the lightning bolt, avoiding the impact against the structure, draining the electrical charges to a ground system, in a current that is on a milliamp scale. This model has certifications for laboratory studies and global standard regulations.
Lightning rod with ignition device
A lightning rod with a starting device is a lightning rod that incorporates a "priming device" (PDC), electronic or not, which guarantees a greater height of the lightning impact point, thus increasing the coverage area and facilitating the protection of large areas, simplifying and reducing installation costs.
Its operation is based on the following process:
The UNE 21186 standard regulates protection against lightning using lightning rods with a primer device.
The level of protection is related to the efficiency required for a lightning protection system to intercept lightning without risk to people, the structure and the facilities. Indicates the effectiveness of the protection system within the volume to be protected.