In 1862, Friedrich Wöhler discovered a method of extracting acetylene gas from specially burned lime. As soon as the calcium carbide (carbide) came into contact with water, the fuel gas (ethyne) is formed, which burns with an extremely bright flame and using a carbide lamp as a miner's lamp. It immediately found a suitable application for illuminating caves and mine shafts. In order to use calcium carbide, it was loaded into a gas generator that consisted of two chambers. There was water in the upper chamber and carbide in the lower chamber. The flow of water to the carbide below and therefore the amount of gas produced was adjusted by means of a regulating screw. The escaping gas is directed to a nozzle and burns with a bright, yellow, slightly sooty flame. The field of application of the new generation of lamps was by no means limited to miners' lamps. Motorcycle and automobile headlights, bicycle lamps, train lamps, hand flashlights, table and wall lamps show the wide range of applications and versatility of carbide lamp. Calcium phosphide impurities during the manufacturing process, the addition of water leads to the formation of monophosphane, which develops a garlicky odor. This and the fact that etin does not burn completely meant that this lighting technique barely found its way into living rooms.

Industrially produced coal gas, which was obtained as a waste product from the coking of coal and was used in many places as fuel for public and industrial lighting, behaved more odorlessly. However, this gaslight depended on a system of pipes and only reached the private homes of the bourgeoisie at the end of the century in newly industrialized England and, shortly after, in Germany, especially in the cities.

While the wick as burner of the oil lamp was still celebrated as a lighting revolution, it was again missing with the gas lamp. Wolfgang Schivelbusch comments in his brilliant points: "What first caught the attention of the first spectator of the gas flame, in addition to its dazzling brilliance, was the lack of the usual wick."

The open gas flame used as a light source was limited by relatively low spatial light emission. Incandescent light, on the other hand, behaved differently, shining so brightly and hotly that a distance was needed to illuminate wide areas and was therefore also called distance light. Carl Auer von Welsbach transferred the principle of incandescence, which Humphry Davy had discovered in his carbon arc lamp in 1800, to gas lighting technology. Only one Bunsen flame") was needed for the thorium-cerium jacket to glow, resulting in significantly higher light output with much lower gas consumption.

Since a supply network already existed, the bright gas incandescent light became a serious competitor to the then new but still expensive electric light, for which a distribution structure had to first be created. Around 1900, gaslight remained the dominant lighting technology in industry and urban modernity. However, the disadvantages of the immobility of the light source with a complex supply network and the development of extreme heat and the risk of fire persisted and prevented gaslight from spreading outside the cities.

The “Yablochkov candle,” a special carbon arc lamp, provided light for one to two hours by burning two charcoal rods. The flame was not responsible for the illumination, but rather the white glow of the coal. This extremely bright and dazzling light was only used for industrial and outdoor lighting. It was not possible to establish a central supply network, the required electricity was produced directly on site in the arc lamp. Arc light did not reach residential buildings due to its unchanging and dazzling brightness, although it actually turned "night into day" for the first time.

Thomas Edison started a revolution in lighting in 1879. Humphry Davy had already devised the principle of the carbon filament light bulb around 1800, but he was unable to derive any commercial benefit from it. Edison was the first to develop a more durable filament made from bamboo carbon fibers that increased the burn time to around 40 hours. He also knew how to put together a complete system of generation, power distribution, switches and fuses that allowed everyone to manage electric light and industrialize the production of the components. The triumph of electric lighting began. However, electric lighting was initially considered a luxury that not everyone could afford. [3].

However, to replace the predominant gas incandescent lighting, a longer lasting incandescent lamp was needed. The same Carl Auer who had also optimized gas lighting invented the metal filament light bulb ten years after Edison's carbon filament. This development is characterized by brighter light and significantly longer service life. The tungsten alloys used today come from the American William David Coolidge, who worked for General Electric since 1909. Osram (osmium and tungsten) and Wotan (tungsten and tantalum) competed for dominance in Germany for a few years in light bulb production, until the respective producers Siemens and AEG (with Karl Auer AG) decided on joint production under the Osram name and completely controlled the light source of the modern era.

This article or section is missing the following important information: This section only describes the development of the incandescent lamp. Missing LED, halogen lamp, fluorescent tube, etc.-- Torsch 15:17, August 21, 2011 (CEST) Help Wikipedia by researching and adding.

The high costs of production and supply of electricity still delayed the spread of electric light in the 20th century. In the late 1920s, Berlin was only 50% connected to the electrical grid. Initially, electricity was considered purely as a source of light, and there were almost no other electrical devices. The high costs of connecting to the electrical grid and the high prices of light bulbs that did not have a particularly long lifespan made “light,” as electricity was popularly known, a luxury good for wealthy citizens. Financial concessions from the electrical industry were necessary for the connection of cables and even for the supply of light bulbs. Some communities took the initiative and helped finance the electrification of their residents. However, it was not until the 1940s that.

Especially in cities, the now well-developed gas incandescent light with its already existing supply network was a serious competitor that delayed the widespread diffusion of electricity in lucrative markets. Electricity as a source of energy for labor-saving electric motors or as lighting energy for work areas that can be better utilized as a result of economic arguments. The electric light for the private sitting room was approved as a convenient side effect. Electricity producers of the time advertised the profitability of electricity compared to gas light, the comfort and the social prestige factor.

At first, the benefits outweighed the negatives. One could work at night, take care of the house and garden, which one often did not have time for before. Shift work and night work began in factories, which could now be fully illuminated 24 hours a day. The work and living spaces were functionally separated from each other. The entire house could be adequately illuminated as needed and was now available for full use even during darkness. The streets added to the nocturnal habitat. There was no smell of oil, and the danger of the house and yard catching fire seemed to be avoided. Clean, practical, modern, they became attributes of electrical energy and pioneers of a new era. The threat to the environment from electricity production (coal-fired power plants, water dams, nuclear reactors) and the health risk associated with supposedly clean energy were only considered later. The annual increase in light pollution worldwide is 6% on average.

In 1862, Friedrich Wöhler discovered a method of extracting acetylene gas from specially burned lime. As soon as the calcium carbide (carbide) came into contact with water, the fuel gas (ethyne) is formed, which burns with an extremely bright flame and using a carbide lamp as a miner's lamp. It immediately found a suitable application for illuminating caves and mine shafts. In order to use calcium carbide, it was loaded into a gas generator that consisted of two chambers. There was water in the upper chamber and carbide in the lower chamber. The flow of water to the carbide below and therefore the amount of gas produced was adjusted by means of a regulating screw. The escaping gas is directed to a nozzle and burns with a bright, yellow, slightly sooty flame. The field of application of the new generation of lamps was by no means limited to miners' lamps. Motorcycle and automobile headlights, bicycle lamps, train lamps, hand flashlights, table and wall lamps show the wide range of applications and versatility of carbide lamp. Calcium phosphide impurities during the manufacturing process, the addition of water leads to the formation of monophosphane, which develops a garlicky odor. This and the fact that etin does not burn completely meant that this lighting technique barely found its way into living rooms.

Industrially produced coal gas, which was obtained as a waste product from the coking of coal and was used in many places as fuel for public and industrial lighting, behaved more odorlessly. However, this gaslight depended on a system of pipes and only reached the private homes of the bourgeoisie at the end of the century in newly industrialized England and, shortly after, in Germany, especially in the cities.

While the wick as burner of the oil lamp was still celebrated as a lighting revolution, it was again missing with the gas lamp. Wolfgang Schivelbusch comments in his brilliant points: "What first caught the attention of the first spectator of the gas flame, in addition to its dazzling brilliance, was the lack of the usual wick."

The open gas flame used as a light source was limited by relatively low spatial light emission. Incandescent light, on the other hand, behaved differently, shining so brightly and hotly that a distance was needed to illuminate wide areas and was therefore also called distance light. Carl Auer von Welsbach transferred the principle of incandescence, which Humphry Davy had discovered in his carbon arc lamp in 1800, to gas lighting technology. Only one Bunsen flame") was needed for the thorium-cerium jacket to glow, resulting in significantly higher light output with much lower gas consumption.

Since a supply network already existed, the bright gas incandescent light became a serious competitor to the then new but still expensive electric light, for which a distribution structure had to first be created. Around 1900, gaslight remained the dominant lighting technology in industry and urban modernity. However, the disadvantages of the immobility of the light source with a complex supply network and the development of extreme heat and the risk of fire persisted and prevented gaslight from spreading outside the cities.

The “Yablochkov candle,” a special carbon arc lamp, provided light for one to two hours by burning two charcoal rods. The flame was not responsible for the illumination, but rather the white glow of the coal. This extremely bright and dazzling light was only used for industrial and outdoor lighting. It was not possible to establish a central supply network, the required electricity was produced directly on site in the arc lamp. Arc light did not reach residential buildings due to its unchanging and dazzling brightness, although it actually turned "night into day" for the first time.

Thomas Edison started a revolution in lighting in 1879. Humphry Davy had already devised the principle of the carbon filament light bulb around 1800, but he was unable to derive any commercial benefit from it. Edison was the first to develop a more durable filament made from bamboo carbon fibers that increased the burn time to around 40 hours. He also knew how to put together a complete system of generation, power distribution, switches and fuses that allowed everyone to manage electric light and industrialize the production of the components. The triumph of electric lighting began. However, electric lighting was initially considered a luxury that not everyone could afford. [3].

However, to replace the predominant gas incandescent lighting, a longer lasting incandescent lamp was needed. The same Carl Auer who had also optimized gas lighting invented the metal filament light bulb ten years after Edison's carbon filament. This development is characterized by brighter light and significantly longer service life. The tungsten alloys used today come from the American William David Coolidge, who worked for General Electric since 1909. Osram (osmium and tungsten) and Wotan (tungsten and tantalum) competed for dominance in Germany for a few years in light bulb production, until the respective producers Siemens and AEG (with Karl Auer AG) decided on joint production under the Osram name and completely controlled the light source of the modern era.

This article or section is missing the following important information: This section only describes the development of the incandescent lamp. Missing LED, halogen lamp, fluorescent tube, etc.-- Torsch 15:17, August 21, 2011 (CEST) Help Wikipedia by researching and adding.

The high costs of production and supply of electricity still delayed the spread of electric light in the 20th century. In the late 1920s, Berlin was only 50% connected to the electrical grid. Initially, electricity was considered purely as a source of light, and there were almost no other electrical devices. The high costs of connecting to the electrical grid and the high prices of light bulbs that did not have a particularly long lifespan made “light,” as electricity was popularly known, a luxury good for wealthy citizens. Financial concessions from the electrical industry were necessary for the connection of cables and even for the supply of light bulbs. Some communities took the initiative and helped finance the electrification of their residents. However, it was not until the 1940s that.

Especially in cities, the now well-developed gas incandescent light with its already existing supply network was a serious competitor that delayed the widespread diffusion of electricity in lucrative markets. Electricity as a source of energy for labor-saving electric motors or as lighting energy for work areas that can be better utilized as a result of economic arguments. The electric light for the private sitting room was approved as a convenient side effect. Electricity producers of the time advertised the profitability of electricity compared to gas light, the comfort and the social prestige factor.

At first, the benefits outweighed the negatives. One could work at night, take care of the house and garden, which one often did not have time for before. Shift work and night work began in factories, which could now be fully illuminated 24 hours a day. The work and living spaces were functionally separated from each other. The entire house could be adequately illuminated as needed and was now available for full use even during darkness. The streets added to the nocturnal habitat. There was no smell of oil, and the danger of the house and yard catching fire seemed to be avoided. Clean, practical, modern, they became attributes of electrical energy and pioneers of a new era. The threat to the environment from electricity production (coal-fired power plants, water dams, nuclear reactors) and the health risk associated with supposedly clean energy were only considered later. The annual increase in light pollution worldwide is 6% on average.