Interoperability project
Introduction
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) defines interoperability as the ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and use the exchanged information.[1].
Beyond the technological perspective, interoperability is currently understood as a broader concept with a group of differentiated dimensions. In this sense, the Ibero-American Interoperability Framework[2] includes for the field of electronic administration one of the most complete definitions currently existing in line with the definition given by the European Commission, defining interoperability as "the capacity of disparate and diverse organizations and systems to interact with consensual and common objectives and with the aim of obtaining mutual benefits." Interaction involves the organizations involved sharing information and knowledge through their business processes, by exchanging data between their respective information and communications technology systems.
In the Administration
The field of electronic administration has given interoperability great relevance and has promoted scientific studies that currently highlight other dimensions above the technical dimension of interoperability.[3] It is precisely in this context where interoperability is currently imposed as one of the key elements for electronic administration, reflected in Spain through the National Interoperability Scheme (ENI).[4].
In addition to talking about the governance of interoperability, interoperability is currently recognized as having at least three distinct dimensions:
In the transport sector
In the world of transportation there are initiatives that promote the interoperability of railway systems. A notable case is the European directive 96/48/EC relating to the interoperability of the Trans-European High Speed Rail System. This directive defines interoperability as the "ability to allow the safe and uninterrupted circulation of high-speed trains while meeting specific performances." Its objective is to eliminate the regulatory, technical and operational differences that currently greatly hinder the free movement of trains across trans-European borders.