We can certainly place a turning point in the history of productive internationalization; we could say that since the Second World War the world economy changes in a transcendental way. After the most important war event of the century, humanity reflects on whether the models of the time (both social, economic and political) need a change. One of the high points of this reflection is world order and world relations.

Among these changes in attitude, one of the greatest achievements was the creation of international organizations for international relations, in this way global institutions such as the United Nations, NATO and in economic fields the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were created.

The latter has an important impact on productive internationalization, the GATT is an agreement between countries, mainly between the winning allies of the Second World War, which promoted free trade between them as well as the free circulation of capital and productive factors, in conclusion the barriers were opened for productive internationalization to spread in those countries.

In a not so direct way, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank also pushed for productive internationalization, thanks to them, countries opened their protectionist barriers.

Those years where the governments of developed countries followed Keynesian theories and increased public spending, investing even creating companies that, after being privatized, have now become large transnational companies. In this period, the states also promoted productive internationalization, investing the country's surplus capital through foreign direct investment (from now on FDI).

The oil crisis of 1973, triggering the real crisis that was brewing years ago due to the increase in inflation and the decrease in demand, led to a change of thought in the governments of developed countries, they changed Keynesian policies for the new thinking that emerged strongly at that time and is still valid today: neoliberalism. Returning almost completely to the theories of the classics, governments began to reduce public spending and let the market regulate the world economy. With the decrease in public spending, state companies began to be privatized, which provided a breeding ground for a new push for productive internationalization. The large companies that were strengthened in the previous era bought these state-owned companies from different countries, internationalizing in a simple and often cheap way since the governments sold these public companies at a low price to get rid of them as quickly as possible and thus reduce public spending.

Starting in the 1990s, productive internationalization set its sights elsewhere, in the post-Soviet States, a new market opened up that needed FDI quickly to plug the holes in the large industries that the state had left orphaned. In this way, these countries received the transnational companies that landed in the new markets, taking almost complete control of the former state industries of the U.S.S.R. as well as what was most important, the market which they had to supply.

Currently, there is still a growing productive internationalization through FDI in developing countries, but what rules now is financial internationalization. Developed countries once again have excess liquidity and instead of investing in production they invest in financing, which makes stock market indices take center stage as a source of wealth. The new industrialized countries are also beginning to see how many foreign companies are internationalizing rapidly, but these are cases of very particular economies such as the BRICS.

We can certainly place a turning point in the history of productive internationalization; we could say that since the Second World War the world economy changes in a transcendental way. After the most important war event of the century, humanity reflects on whether the models of the time (both social, economic and political) need a change. One of the high points of this reflection is world order and world relations.

Among these changes in attitude, one of the greatest achievements was the creation of international organizations for international relations, in this way global institutions such as the United Nations, NATO and in economic fields the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) were created.

The latter has an important impact on productive internationalization, the GATT is an agreement between countries, mainly between the winning allies of the Second World War, which promoted free trade between them as well as the free circulation of capital and productive factors, in conclusion the barriers were opened for productive internationalization to spread in those countries.

In a not so direct way, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank also pushed for productive internationalization, thanks to them, countries opened their protectionist barriers.

Those years where the governments of developed countries followed Keynesian theories and increased public spending, investing even creating companies that, after being privatized, have now become large transnational companies. In this period, the states also promoted productive internationalization, investing the country's surplus capital through foreign direct investment (from now on FDI).

The oil crisis of 1973, triggering the real crisis that was brewing years ago due to the increase in inflation and the decrease in demand, led to a change of thought in the governments of developed countries, they changed Keynesian policies for the new thinking that emerged strongly at that time and is still valid today: neoliberalism. Returning almost completely to the theories of the classics, governments began to reduce public spending and let the market regulate the world economy. With the decrease in public spending, state companies began to be privatized, which provided a breeding ground for a new push for productive internationalization. The large companies that were strengthened in the previous era bought these state-owned companies from different countries, internationalizing in a simple and often cheap way since the governments sold these public companies at a low price to get rid of them as quickly as possible and thus reduce public spending.

Starting in the 1990s, productive internationalization set its sights elsewhere, in the post-Soviet States, a new market opened up that needed FDI quickly to plug the holes in the large industries that the state had left orphaned. In this way, these countries received the transnational companies that landed in the new markets, taking almost complete control of the former state industries of the U.S.S.R. as well as what was most important, the market which they had to supply.

Currently, there is still a growing productive internationalization through FDI in developing countries, but what rules now is financial internationalization. Developed countries once again have excess liquidity and instead of investing in production they invest in financing, which makes stock market indices take center stage as a source of wealth. The new industrialized countries are also beginning to see how many foreign companies are internationalizing rapidly, but these are cases of very particular economies such as the BRICS.