Contenido

Existen varias modalidades de agrupamiento mancomunal, o «Establecimientos Públicos de Cooperación Intercomunal» (EPCI).

Communities without their own taxation: commune unions

The unions of communes (in fr. syndicat de communes), with the two variants SIVU and SIVOM, were created from 1890 onwards.

The union of single vocation communes (SIVU), is the oldest variant of commonwealth since it dates back to the law of March 22, 1890, it only has a single competence established in its statute. An example of competition is rural electrification, at a time when large companies focused on cities. In January 2014 there were 8979 SIVUs.[6]​.

The union of multiple vocation communes (SIVOM), according to the law of January 5, 1988, instead exercises multiple powers that have been transferred to it by the grouped communes, generally from the same canton "Canton (subnational entity)"). In January 2014, there were 1,233 SIVOMs.[6]​.

The grouping, based on the principle of cooperation, allows the participating communes to have common resources for the execution of public works or their bidding to external companies, with a greater volume and opportunity of supply. Examples of shared competences could be waste treatment, road maintenance, sports equipment and social action. The budget must be agreed between the various communes based on their resources, but it does not have fiscal competition, so tensions may exist between the components.

The commune unions have followed the trend since the 1990s of the last century of transforming themselves into communities of communes.

Commonwealths with their own taxation

In January 2014, France has 2,145 EPCIs with their own taxation, covering 36,614 municipalities and 62.6 million inhabitants.[6] Created from the Chevènement law of July 12, 1999, they are divided into:

Urban communities (in fr. communauté urbaine), are a joint structure created in the 1960s, and are regulated by law 99-586 of 1999, mainly exercising powers for urban development and territorial planning.

In principle, for the establishment of an urban community, a central commune of at least 50,000 inhabitants is required, and a minimum grouping of 500,000 inhabitants.

The direction of the French urban community is not established by suffrage but is directed by a council, made up of municipal representatives of each commune and provides that certain powers are compulsorily transferred to it.

The budget comes mainly from the collection of professional fees and state endowments.

In 2015, there are 9 urban communities that grouped more than 2.3 million inhabitants.

The communities of communes (in fr. communauté de communes) represent 85% of French municipalities and 44% of the French population. In 2014, the number of communities of communes was 1903. Between 2012 and 2014, their number was reduced by almost 20% because they tend to merge with each other or with agglomeration communities to form larger groups, or because their population decreases.[6] They are groupings of communes (municipalities) without any type of population number restriction but with the condition of geographical continuity.

The agglomeration communities of France (in fr. Communauté d'aglomération) make up an intermediate structure between the urban community and the communities of communes.

They are governed by the law called Chevenement, 99-586 of July 12, 1999, and for their formation they must group a minimum of 50,000 inhabitants around a central nucleus of at least 15,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration community exercises its own powers of economic development or transportation management, among others, its main source of resources being the collection of the professional fee.

In 2014, there are 222 agglomeration communities in France,[6]​ which bring together more than 19 million inhabitants.

The administrative figure of the Syndicate of new agglomeration (in fr. syndicat d'aglomération nouvelle, SAN), created during the socialist government of François Mitterrand through the Rocard law of July 13, 1983 for the management of newly formed cities, is being progressively replaced by that of agglomeration community, with only 4 groups in 2014.[6]​.

In 2014, France has a metropolis, Nice-Côte d'Azur, created in December 2011. The metropolises of Aix-Marseille-Provence and Greater Paris"), provided for by the law of January 27, 2014, will be created in January 2016 and will have a particular status, like the metropolis of Lyon, which unlike the other metropolises will not be a commonwealth but a collectivity. territorial.

The law of January 2014, called the "modernization of public action and affirmation of metropolises" law, furthermore establishes that communities of more than 400,000 inhabitants and located in urban areas of more than 650,000 inhabitants (or including the chef lieu of the region) will be transformed by decree law into "common law metropolises." This measure involves the creation of 9 metropolises planned for January 2015, which will come from the merger of Lille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Toulouse and Strasbourg with the urban communities around them, and the municipalities of Rouen, Rennes and Grenoble with the agglomeration communities that surround them.

On January 1, 2016, the metropolis of Aix-Marseille-Provence is replaced by the urban community of Marseille Provence and four other communities.[6]​.

Contenido

Existen varias modalidades de agrupamiento mancomunal, o «Establecimientos Públicos de Cooperación Intercomunal» (EPCI).

Communities without their own taxation: commune unions

The unions of communes (in fr. syndicat de communes), with the two variants SIVU and SIVOM, were created from 1890 onwards.

The union of single vocation communes (SIVU), is the oldest variant of commonwealth since it dates back to the law of March 22, 1890, it only has a single competence established in its statute. An example of competition is rural electrification, at a time when large companies focused on cities. In January 2014 there were 8979 SIVUs.[6]​.

The union of multiple vocation communes (SIVOM), according to the law of January 5, 1988, instead exercises multiple powers that have been transferred to it by the grouped communes, generally from the same canton "Canton (subnational entity)"). In January 2014, there were 1,233 SIVOMs.[6]​.

The grouping, based on the principle of cooperation, allows the participating communes to have common resources for the execution of public works or their bidding to external companies, with a greater volume and opportunity of supply. Examples of shared competences could be waste treatment, road maintenance, sports equipment and social action. The budget must be agreed between the various communes based on their resources, but it does not have fiscal competition, so tensions may exist between the components.

The commune unions have followed the trend since the 1990s of the last century of transforming themselves into communities of communes.

Commonwealths with their own taxation

In January 2014, France has 2,145 EPCIs with their own taxation, covering 36,614 municipalities and 62.6 million inhabitants.[6] Created from the Chevènement law of July 12, 1999, they are divided into:

Urban communities (in fr. communauté urbaine), are a joint structure created in the 1960s, and are regulated by law 99-586 of 1999, mainly exercising powers for urban development and territorial planning.

In principle, for the establishment of an urban community, a central commune of at least 50,000 inhabitants is required, and a minimum grouping of 500,000 inhabitants.

The direction of the French urban community is not established by suffrage but is directed by a council, made up of municipal representatives of each commune and provides that certain powers are compulsorily transferred to it.

The budget comes mainly from the collection of professional fees and state endowments.

In 2015, there are 9 urban communities that grouped more than 2.3 million inhabitants.

The communities of communes (in fr. communauté de communes) represent 85% of French municipalities and 44% of the French population. In 2014, the number of communities of communes was 1903. Between 2012 and 2014, their number was reduced by almost 20% because they tend to merge with each other or with agglomeration communities to form larger groups, or because their population decreases.[6] They are groupings of communes (municipalities) without any type of population number restriction but with the condition of geographical continuity.

The agglomeration communities of France (in fr. Communauté d'aglomération) make up an intermediate structure between the urban community and the communities of communes.

They are governed by the law called Chevenement, 99-586 of July 12, 1999, and for their formation they must group a minimum of 50,000 inhabitants around a central nucleus of at least 15,000 inhabitants. The agglomeration community exercises its own powers of economic development or transportation management, among others, its main source of resources being the collection of the professional fee.

In 2014, there are 222 agglomeration communities in France,[6]​ which bring together more than 19 million inhabitants.

The administrative figure of the Syndicate of new agglomeration (in fr. syndicat d'aglomération nouvelle, SAN), created during the socialist government of François Mitterrand through the Rocard law of July 13, 1983 for the management of newly formed cities, is being progressively replaced by that of agglomeration community, with only 4 groups in 2014.[6]​.

In 2014, France has a metropolis, Nice-Côte d'Azur, created in December 2011. The metropolises of Aix-Marseille-Provence and Greater Paris"), provided for by the law of January 27, 2014, will be created in January 2016 and will have a particular status, like the metropolis of Lyon, which unlike the other metropolises will not be a commonwealth but a collectivity. territorial.

The law of January 2014, called the "modernization of public action and affirmation of metropolises" law, furthermore establishes that communities of more than 400,000 inhabitants and located in urban areas of more than 650,000 inhabitants (or including the chef lieu of the region) will be transformed by decree law into "common law metropolises." This measure involves the creation of 9 metropolises planned for January 2015, which will come from the merger of Lille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Toulouse and Strasbourg with the urban communities around them, and the municipalities of Rouen, Rennes and Grenoble with the agglomeration communities that surround them.

On January 1, 2016, the metropolis of Aix-Marseille-Provence is replaced by the urban community of Marseille Provence and four other communities.[6]​.