Integrated mobility architecture
Introduction
The Rede Integrada de Transporte (known by its acronym RIT) (in Spanish Red Integrada de Transporte) is a trunk-fed bus transportation system in exclusive lanes in the city of Curitiba, in Brazil. It was the first bus rapid transit system implemented in the world.[1][2].
The Curitiba Integrated Transportation Network has as the backbone of its operation 72 km of exclusive bus routes that run through the 5 main axes of the city and which constitute the so-called fast lines (Expresso Biarticulado) whose stations are easily identifiable by their tube shape. The entire network includes, in addition to the city of Curitiba, other suburban municipalities of the Metropolitan Region: São José dos Pinhais, Pinhais, Colombo, Piraquara e Rio Branco do Sul, Almirante Tamandaré, Fazenda Rio Grande, Campo Largo, Campo Magro, Araucária, Contenda, Itaperuçu and Bocaiúva do Sul. The system that is used by 85% of the population of the city and served as a model for the systems of several cities in Brazil, the TransMilenio of Bogotá, the MIO of Cali, the Trolleybús, the Ecovía "Ecovía (Quito)") and the Metrobus-Q of Quito, the Metrovía of Guayaquil, the Metropolitano of Lima, the Transantiago in Santiago, the Orange Line") in Los Angeles and the Metrobús "Metrobús (Mexico City)") of Mexico City, as well as the future transportation systems of the city of Arequipa, Panama "Panamá (city)"), the SIT in León Guanajuato (Pioneer in Mexico) and the Transmetro "Transmetro (Guatemala)") of Guatemala City.
History
In the 1960s Curitiba's population swelled to 430,000, and it was feared that the population increase would drastically threaten the character of the city. In 1964, Mayor Ivo Arzua requested proposals for urban planning. Architect Jaime Lerner, who would later become the city's mayor, led a team from the Federal University of Paraná that proposed a reduction in traffic in the city center and a practical and accessible public transportation system. It was inaugurated in 1974, but it was not until 1980 when the entire section was completed.
In the 1980s the transportation network was created, allowing any point in the city to be connected by paying a single fare.
This plan, known as the General Plan of Curitiba, was approved in 1968. Thus, Jaime Lerner closed XV de Novembro Street to vehicles since it already had a large pedestrian traffic. The plan proposed a new street design that minimized traffic: the trinary road system. The road was divided transversely into three zones: two exterior roads, each one for one direction of traffic, for general traffic that flanked a central road, two-way with two lanes, reserved exclusively for the circulation of buses. Five of these streets have a radial layout that converges in the center of the city. The areas furthest from these axes are reserved for low-density residential areas so as not to increase traffic density in areas far from the main axes. Finally, the flood-prone areas were classified as non-developable and were converted into parks.