Industrial Safety is the system of mandatory provisions that aim to prevent and limit risk, as well as protection against accidents capable of causing damage to people, property or the environment derived from industrial activity or the use of machinery.
Industrial facilities include a wide variety of mining, transportation, power generation, manufacturing and waste disposal operations that have inherent hazards and require careful handling.
For example, industrial operations that include the handling, storage and processing of potentially hazardous substances such as reactive chemicals and hazardous waste. Likewise, industrial facilities may carry potential hazards that are different from those of hazardous substances.
These risks are generally due to chemical substances and reactions caused in industries, businesses or homes and occur due to improper use of fuel or failures in electrical installations.
Due to the existence of dangers in industrial environments, it is necessary to adequately manage the following risks to minimize adverse impacts:
Conditions that can potentially lead to accidents involving major spills (for example, from pipes, flexible connections, filters, valves, containers, pumps, compressors, tanks, chimneys).
Health conditions, occupational well-being and safety at work.
Delimitation
Risk analysis, as an integral component of the Information Security Management System (ISMS), is essential for the organization to execute effective preventive management. This process allows you to identify the main vulnerabilities of information assets and determine potential threats capable of exploiting them.
In this context, a threat is defined as a latent event with the capacity to affect the integrity of assets, which may originate from human factors, natural phenomena or technical failures. Examples include external cyber attacks, personnel errors or omissions, malware infections, natural disasters, or critical power fluctuations.
On the other hand, a vulnerability is a characteristic of an information asset and that represents a risk to the security of the information. When a threat materializes and there is a vulnerability that can be exploited, there is an exposure to some type of loss for the company. For example, having weak passwords on the systems and the data network not being properly protected can be exploited for external computer attacks.
Industrial Safety and Protection
Introduction
Industrial Safety is the system of mandatory provisions that aim to prevent and limit risk, as well as protection against accidents capable of causing damage to people, property or the environment derived from industrial activity or the use of machinery.
Industrial facilities include a wide variety of mining, transportation, power generation, manufacturing and waste disposal operations that have inherent hazards and require careful handling.
For example, industrial operations that include the handling, storage and processing of potentially hazardous substances such as reactive chemicals and hazardous waste. Likewise, industrial facilities may carry potential hazards that are different from those of hazardous substances.
These risks are generally due to chemical substances and reactions caused in industries, businesses or homes and occur due to improper use of fuel or failures in electrical installations.
Due to the existence of dangers in industrial environments, it is necessary to adequately manage the following risks to minimize adverse impacts:
Conditions that can potentially lead to accidents involving major spills (for example, from pipes, flexible connections, filters, valves, containers, pumps, compressors, tanks, chimneys).
Health conditions, occupational well-being and safety at work.
Delimitation
Risk analysis, as an integral component of the Information Security Management System (ISMS), is essential for the organization to execute effective preventive management. This process allows you to identify the main vulnerabilities of information assets and determine potential threats capable of exploiting them.
In this context, a threat is defined as a latent event with the capacity to affect the integrity of assets, which may originate from human factors, natural phenomena or technical failures. Examples include external cyber attacks, personnel errors or omissions, malware infections, natural disasters, or critical power fluctuations.
Industrial Safety is a mandatory technique or discipline in every company. This applies to the use of tools or machinery, which in addition to facilitating work performance, maintains confidence in the work being carried out, making the worker feel totally safe not to take risks. Every company or industry must always be clear about the responsibility it has towards its workers, taking into account that it must also require its workers to comply with a series of rules and conditions in order to guarantee safety and protection, such as the use of: industrial helmets, boots, gloves, among other tools that must be appropriate for the work to be carried out. All of these tools must be provided by the same company.
They are standards developed with technical prescriptions in industrial and energy facilities, to achieve the safety of users, workers or third parties. Some examples of industrial safety standards are regulations for low voltage, high voltage, heating, gas, fire protection, pressure equipment, storage of chemical products, oil installations, and refrigeration installations that are installed in both industrial and non-industrial buildings. Reference Book for Environmental Assessment (volume 1, 2 and 3). Technical Work of the Department of the Environment.
Classification
Hazardous materials and waste are classified under one or more of the following definitions:
Flammable: These are substances that are highly flammable and therefore represent a fire hazard, under normal industrial conditions (for example, crushed metals, liquids whose threshold point is 38 °C or less, etc.).
Corrosive: These are substances that require special containers due to their ability to corrode normal materials (for example, acids, acid anhydrides and alkalis).
Reactive: These are materials that require special storage and handling because they tend to react spontaneously with acids or their vapors (for example, cyanides and concentrated alkalis) and because they tend to react vigorously with water or vapor (for example, phosphene, concentrated acids or alkalis), or have the tendency to be unstable in the event of a shock or if heat is present (for example, pressurized flammable liquids and military supplies), the result of which includes the generation of poisonous gases, explosion, fire, or the evolution of heat.
Toxic: These are substances (for example, heavy metals, pesticides, solvents and fuels from petroleum), which, when handled incorrectly, can release sufficient quantities of toxic materials that can cause a direct, chronic or acute health effect, due to inhalation, absorption through the skin and ingestion, or cause a potentially toxic accumulation in the environment or in the food chain.
Biological: These are materials that, when handled improperly, can release sufficient quantities of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause sufficient concentrations of infection, pollen, fungi or dander and cause allergic reactions in people who are susceptible to the danger.
In addition to the above categories of hazardous substances, there are general risks that relate to industrial facilities. These include the following categories:
Electrical: Electrocution from live conductors and misuse of power tools, overhead transmission cables, downed electrical wires, underground cables, and work performed during electrical storms.
Structural: The potential for falling or straining if the job involves slippery surfaces, steep slopes, narrow steps, open holes, obstructions and unstable floors; It also includes the potential for injuries from sharp objects and the risk of being trapped by collapsing trenches or mines, or by the unstable slopes of piles of materials.
Mechanical: Collisions with moving equipment, especially in reverse, breakage of pulleys or cables and entanglement of clothing in gears or drills.
Temperature: Thermal fatigue in hot environments, or when working with clothing that limits the dissipation of body heat or sweat; effects of cold in icy environments, or if the wind chill factor is excessive.
Noise: Fatigue and physical damage to hearing from being subjected to noise levels that exceed recommended standards (for example, a time-weighted noise level over an 8-hour period that is greater than 90 dB).
Radiation: Burns or internal injuries when exposed to excessive levels of ionizing radiation.
Oxygen deficiency: There may be health effects from the displacement of oxygen by another gas, or its consumption in a chemical reaction, especially in closed or low-lying areas. If the levels drop below 19.5% oxygen.
Difference between Risk and Danger.
Hazard is an intrinsic condition or characteristic that can cause injury or illness, damage to property and/or stoppage of a process; however, risk is the combination of the probability and the consequence of not controlling the danger.
Examples:
Recommended policy, procedures and guidelines
Contenido
Tal como establecen las políticas sanitarias, existirá un riesgo importante bajo las siguientes circunstancias:.
Un escape o derrame de sustancias tóxicas, muy reactivas, explosivas o inflamables.
Si existe un peligro importante durante un proyecto propuesto es muy aconsejable (o incluso obligatorio según la legislación vigente de cada país) requerir una evaluación de los riesgos mayores.
Dicha evaluación debe ser parte integral de la preparación del proyecto. Es independiente de la evaluación del impacto ambiental y esta la debe mencionar.
En trabajos donde se requiera se debe usar barbijo (trabajos de pintura, etc.).
Si existe un peligro importante en un proyecto propuesto es muy aconsejable requerir una «evaluación de riesgos mayores». La evaluación de los riesgos mayores debe ser parte integrante de la preparación del proyecto. Es independiente de la evaluación del impacto ambiental y esta la debe mencionar. Los objetivos de la evaluación de los riesgos mayores, son los siguientes:.
Identificar la naturaleza y magnitud del uso de las sustancias peligrosas en la instalación.
Especificar las medidas tomadas para la operación segura de la instalación, el control de las divergencias importantes que podrían causar un accidente mayor y los procedimientos de emergencia a implementarse en el sitio.
Identificar el tipo, probabilidad relativa y consecuencias generales de los accidentes mayores.
Demostrar que el constructor haya apreciado el potencial de un riesgo mayor a causa de las actividades de la compañía y que haya considerado si los controles son adecuados.
Risks in industrial projects
The execution of industrial projects entails a matrix of risks inherent to the operational nature of the facilities. Among the most common physical hazards are interaction with moving parts or machinery (mechanical risk), exposure to high levels of noise and thermal stress derived from strenuous work in proximity to radiant heat sources, such as ovens or boilers.
Additionally, transformation processes generate chemical and physical-chemical risks, such as the dispersion of particulate material (grinding dust or sawdust), the catastrophic rupture of containers subject to pressure and the formation of explosive or toxic atmospheres caused by high-speed reactions or spills of dangerous substances.[1].
Relationships with interventions in the territory
The topic of industrial hazard management is relevant to energy, industrial, mining, pollution control, transportation and agricultural projects.
The risks of energy projects are as follows:
Fire and toxic material hazards from oil spills or gas leaks.
Mechanical risks caused by drilling rigs.
Noise around the generators.
Physical danger from inhalation of coal ash and oil residues, toxic or corrosive materials leached from coal or ash piles, chemicals used in water treatment or effluents.
Depletion of oxygen in the tanks and electrocution due to contact with charged conductors.
Mining exploitation projects can produce the following dangers:
The physical risk due to the use of explosives and excavation equipment.
Dust produced by drilling, blasting and crushing.
Oxygen depletion.
Toxic gases from underground mines.
The landslides.
Pollution control projects may create the following risks:.
The rupture of pressurized containers (for example, chlorine tanks in sewage treatment plants, jars under pressure that are received with solid waste for incineration, etc.).
Explosion or generation of toxic gases due to the mixture of incompatible wastes.
Release of dusts and vapors containing pathogenic microorganisms during sewage and solid waste processing operations.
Toxic gases produced by the disposal of solid waste.
Transportation projects may include means normally used to load, transport and unload hazardous substances. As part of the environmental impact assessment, as well as the major risk assessment of a transportation project, it is necessary to study the potential for a crash or derailment. During an accident of this nature there is the potential for a toxic spill, fire or explosion.
Agricultural projects and the control of pests, such as locusts, create specific problems related to the handling and storage, use and disposal of pesticides. In the sub-Saharan region of Africa, the disposal of unused pesticides has been a challenging problem for the donor community.
By countries
Spain
In Spain, the regulatory framework for industrial safety is made up of:
Industry Law (Law 21/1992, of July 16).[2] Establishes the regulatory regulatory framework in the State, with the objective of establishing the bases for the management of the industrial sector.
Sectoral Technical Regulations. Its purpose is the prevention and limitation in each sector of the risks derived from industrial activity or the use, operation and maintenance of industrial facilities, equipment or products and the protection against accidents that may cause damage or harm to people or property.
Infrastructure Regulation for Quality and Industrial Safety (Royal Decree 2200/1995, of December 28)[3].
Accreditation
Certification
National Accreditation Entity
Potential environmental impact
Testing laboratory
Industrial calibration laboratory
Electrotechnical regulations for low voltage (Spain)
Authorized control body (OCA)
Mining security.
Industrial Safety - Ministry of Industry
Official Mexican Law on Safety in Chemical Substances Processes
Industrial Safety in Mexico: What must you comply with?
Lorite, Roberto (October 9, 2023). «Inspections of Electric Vehicle charging points». cerQuo OCA. Accessed September 2, 2024. .
! Wikibooks hosts a book or manual on Environmental_Impacts#Part IV - Potential Environmental Impacts of Industries.
Reference Book for Environmental Assessment (Volume I, II and III). Technical Work of the Department of the Environment.
!Wd Data: Q6123913.
Official Occupational Health and Safety bibliography and resources (STPS Mexico).
Find more "Industrial Safety and Protection" in the following countries:
[3] ↑ «Real Decreto 2200/1995, de 28 de diciembre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Infraestructura para la Calidad y la Seguridad Industrial.». www.boe.es. Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2024.: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguridad_industrial#cite_ref-3
On the other hand, a vulnerability is a characteristic of an information asset and that represents a risk to the security of the information. When a threat materializes and there is a vulnerability that can be exploited, there is an exposure to some type of loss for the company. For example, having weak passwords on the systems and the data network not being properly protected can be exploited for external computer attacks.
Industrial Safety is a mandatory technique or discipline in every company. This applies to the use of tools or machinery, which in addition to facilitating work performance, maintains confidence in the work being carried out, making the worker feel totally safe not to take risks. Every company or industry must always be clear about the responsibility it has towards its workers, taking into account that it must also require its workers to comply with a series of rules and conditions in order to guarantee safety and protection, such as the use of: industrial helmets, boots, gloves, among other tools that must be appropriate for the work to be carried out. All of these tools must be provided by the same company.
They are standards developed with technical prescriptions in industrial and energy facilities, to achieve the safety of users, workers or third parties. Some examples of industrial safety standards are regulations for low voltage, high voltage, heating, gas, fire protection, pressure equipment, storage of chemical products, oil installations, and refrigeration installations that are installed in both industrial and non-industrial buildings. Reference Book for Environmental Assessment (volume 1, 2 and 3). Technical Work of the Department of the Environment.
Classification
Hazardous materials and waste are classified under one or more of the following definitions:
Flammable: These are substances that are highly flammable and therefore represent a fire hazard, under normal industrial conditions (for example, crushed metals, liquids whose threshold point is 38 °C or less, etc.).
Corrosive: These are substances that require special containers due to their ability to corrode normal materials (for example, acids, acid anhydrides and alkalis).
Reactive: These are materials that require special storage and handling because they tend to react spontaneously with acids or their vapors (for example, cyanides and concentrated alkalis) and because they tend to react vigorously with water or vapor (for example, phosphene, concentrated acids or alkalis), or have the tendency to be unstable in the event of a shock or if heat is present (for example, pressurized flammable liquids and military supplies), the result of which includes the generation of poisonous gases, explosion, fire, or the evolution of heat.
Toxic: These are substances (for example, heavy metals, pesticides, solvents and fuels from petroleum), which, when handled incorrectly, can release sufficient quantities of toxic materials that can cause a direct, chronic or acute health effect, due to inhalation, absorption through the skin and ingestion, or cause a potentially toxic accumulation in the environment or in the food chain.
Biological: These are materials that, when handled improperly, can release sufficient quantities of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause sufficient concentrations of infection, pollen, fungi or dander and cause allergic reactions in people who are susceptible to the danger.
In addition to the above categories of hazardous substances, there are general risks that relate to industrial facilities. These include the following categories:
Electrical: Electrocution from live conductors and misuse of power tools, overhead transmission cables, downed electrical wires, underground cables, and work performed during electrical storms.
Structural: The potential for falling or straining if the job involves slippery surfaces, steep slopes, narrow steps, open holes, obstructions and unstable floors; It also includes the potential for injuries from sharp objects and the risk of being trapped by collapsing trenches or mines, or by the unstable slopes of piles of materials.
Mechanical: Collisions with moving equipment, especially in reverse, breakage of pulleys or cables and entanglement of clothing in gears or drills.
Temperature: Thermal fatigue in hot environments, or when working with clothing that limits the dissipation of body heat or sweat; effects of cold in icy environments, or if the wind chill factor is excessive.
Noise: Fatigue and physical damage to hearing from being subjected to noise levels that exceed recommended standards (for example, a time-weighted noise level over an 8-hour period that is greater than 90 dB).
Radiation: Burns or internal injuries when exposed to excessive levels of ionizing radiation.
Oxygen deficiency: There may be health effects from the displacement of oxygen by another gas, or its consumption in a chemical reaction, especially in closed or low-lying areas. If the levels drop below 19.5% oxygen.
Difference between Risk and Danger.
Hazard is an intrinsic condition or characteristic that can cause injury or illness, damage to property and/or stoppage of a process; however, risk is the combination of the probability and the consequence of not controlling the danger.
Examples:
Recommended policy, procedures and guidelines
Contenido
Tal como establecen las políticas sanitarias, existirá un riesgo importante bajo las siguientes circunstancias:.
Un escape o derrame de sustancias tóxicas, muy reactivas, explosivas o inflamables.
Si existe un peligro importante durante un proyecto propuesto es muy aconsejable (o incluso obligatorio según la legislación vigente de cada país) requerir una evaluación de los riesgos mayores.
Dicha evaluación debe ser parte integral de la preparación del proyecto. Es independiente de la evaluación del impacto ambiental y esta la debe mencionar.
En trabajos donde se requiera se debe usar barbijo (trabajos de pintura, etc.).
Si existe un peligro importante en un proyecto propuesto es muy aconsejable requerir una «evaluación de riesgos mayores». La evaluación de los riesgos mayores debe ser parte integrante de la preparación del proyecto. Es independiente de la evaluación del impacto ambiental y esta la debe mencionar. Los objetivos de la evaluación de los riesgos mayores, son los siguientes:.
Identificar la naturaleza y magnitud del uso de las sustancias peligrosas en la instalación.
Especificar las medidas tomadas para la operación segura de la instalación, el control de las divergencias importantes que podrían causar un accidente mayor y los procedimientos de emergencia a implementarse en el sitio.
Identificar el tipo, probabilidad relativa y consecuencias generales de los accidentes mayores.
Demostrar que el constructor haya apreciado el potencial de un riesgo mayor a causa de las actividades de la compañía y que haya considerado si los controles son adecuados.
Risks in industrial projects
The execution of industrial projects entails a matrix of risks inherent to the operational nature of the facilities. Among the most common physical hazards are interaction with moving parts or machinery (mechanical risk), exposure to high levels of noise and thermal stress derived from strenuous work in proximity to radiant heat sources, such as ovens or boilers.
Additionally, transformation processes generate chemical and physical-chemical risks, such as the dispersion of particulate material (grinding dust or sawdust), the catastrophic rupture of containers subject to pressure and the formation of explosive or toxic atmospheres caused by high-speed reactions or spills of dangerous substances.[1].
Relationships with interventions in the territory
The topic of industrial hazard management is relevant to energy, industrial, mining, pollution control, transportation and agricultural projects.
The risks of energy projects are as follows:
Fire and toxic material hazards from oil spills or gas leaks.
Mechanical risks caused by drilling rigs.
Noise around the generators.
Physical danger from inhalation of coal ash and oil residues, toxic or corrosive materials leached from coal or ash piles, chemicals used in water treatment or effluents.
Depletion of oxygen in the tanks and electrocution due to contact with charged conductors.
Mining exploitation projects can produce the following dangers:
The physical risk due to the use of explosives and excavation equipment.
Dust produced by drilling, blasting and crushing.
Oxygen depletion.
Toxic gases from underground mines.
The landslides.
Pollution control projects may create the following risks:.
The rupture of pressurized containers (for example, chlorine tanks in sewage treatment plants, jars under pressure that are received with solid waste for incineration, etc.).
Explosion or generation of toxic gases due to the mixture of incompatible wastes.
Release of dusts and vapors containing pathogenic microorganisms during sewage and solid waste processing operations.
Toxic gases produced by the disposal of solid waste.
Transportation projects may include means normally used to load, transport and unload hazardous substances. As part of the environmental impact assessment, as well as the major risk assessment of a transportation project, it is necessary to study the potential for a crash or derailment. During an accident of this nature there is the potential for a toxic spill, fire or explosion.
Agricultural projects and the control of pests, such as locusts, create specific problems related to the handling and storage, use and disposal of pesticides. In the sub-Saharan region of Africa, the disposal of unused pesticides has been a challenging problem for the donor community.
By countries
Spain
In Spain, the regulatory framework for industrial safety is made up of:
Industry Law (Law 21/1992, of July 16).[2] Establishes the regulatory regulatory framework in the State, with the objective of establishing the bases for the management of the industrial sector.
Sectoral Technical Regulations. Its purpose is the prevention and limitation in each sector of the risks derived from industrial activity or the use, operation and maintenance of industrial facilities, equipment or products and the protection against accidents that may cause damage or harm to people or property.
Infrastructure Regulation for Quality and Industrial Safety (Royal Decree 2200/1995, of December 28)[3].
Accreditation
Certification
National Accreditation Entity
Potential environmental impact
Testing laboratory
Industrial calibration laboratory
Electrotechnical regulations for low voltage (Spain)
Authorized control body (OCA)
Mining security.
Industrial Safety - Ministry of Industry
Official Mexican Law on Safety in Chemical Substances Processes
Industrial Safety in Mexico: What must you comply with?
Lorite, Roberto (October 9, 2023). «Inspections of Electric Vehicle charging points». cerQuo OCA. Accessed September 2, 2024. .
! Wikibooks hosts a book or manual on Environmental_Impacts#Part IV - Potential Environmental Impacts of Industries.
Reference Book for Environmental Assessment (Volume I, II and III). Technical Work of the Department of the Environment.
!Wd Data: Q6123913.
Official Occupational Health and Safety bibliography and resources (STPS Mexico).
Find more "Industrial Safety and Protection" in the following countries:
[3] ↑ «Real Decreto 2200/1995, de 28 de diciembre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Infraestructura para la Calidad y la Seguridad Industrial.». www.boe.es. Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2024.: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seguridad_industrial#cite_ref-3