Industry can be classified according to the amount of goods used to transform products and according to the type of final output.
Heavy industry is designed to enable other industries to operate, since it is responsible for producing basic materials. Thus, mining, the steel industry, or the petrochemical industry help make raw materials (such as oil) accessible to factories, for example by producing plastics.
The capital goods industry also supports other industries, but by manufacturing machinery and transportation equipment for goods. This group includes infrastructure (such as railways or the aeronautical sector), companies producing construction materials, and the automotive industry, among others.
Finally, so-called light industry, which requires less investment in raw materials and energy, produces goods intended for the general market. This classification includes the food, textile, information technology, furniture, and similar industries. The type of final product determines how these industries are grouped.
By classes
Some of the main industrial sectors are:.
• - The food industry's function is the transformation of raw materials for human consumption into "Product (marketing)" products with a longer useful life based on the understanding of phenomena in food chemistry, biology and physics. This is done for different purposes, the most important being that these raw materials can be preserved for as long as possible, without losing their nutritional value, cost reduction when it comes to transportation; dehydration is the most common example: milk, fruits. The way food is transformed decisively influences the properties it will present. Thus, if it is subjected to heat treatment, for example cooking, it is expected that the loss of water will be the cause of the fact that it crunches when bitten. This is the case of cookies. Likewise, a change in the properties of the food can also introduce unwanted effects. Continuing with the example, if this cookie is left in the open air for long enough, it will tend to absorb the moisture lost in the heat treatment it underwent, which will make it soft. On the other hand, the process experienced during food production, if carried out under inadequate conditions, could lead to a loss of certain components: volatile compounds, vitamins, even proteins. Its objectives are:
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- Control the operations of industrial processes of manufacturing, transformation or conditioning of raw materials.
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- Design and control processing systems with the least negative impacts on the environment.
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- Use food science to develop, improve or offer new products.
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- Design quality systems that contribute to ensuring the nutritional value and safety of food.
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- Project, plan, calculate and control the facilities, machinery and instruments of industrial establishments.
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- Assure the consumer of the safety of each of the food products.
This industry also integrates the agricultural industry, that is, poultry, beekeeping, wine, oil and dairy.
• - Entertainment industry or cultural industry is the set of companies and institutions in which the main economic activity is the mass and serial production of culture or leisure based on the constant repetition of basic schemes that show a series of situations and models that are unreal and inaccessible to the vast majority of cases, with a lucrative purpose. The following can be considered means of cultural production: television, radio "Radio (media)"), newspapers and magazines, cinema, music, publishing houses "Editorial (company)"), theater, dance, video games, theme parks, etc. All of these are created seeking at the same time to increase the consumption of their cultural objects, modify social habits, educate, inform and, finally, transform society. In this way, every cultural object is considered a cultural product with an ethical value and an aesthetic value, from which the market guides its offer through the laws of supply and demand "Demand (economy)"). In this way, the "schematism" of the cultural industry is appreciated, which puts the commercial value of the products "Product (marketing)") before their cultural quality. The expression cultural industry was first used by the theorists of the Frankfurt School: Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer in the book Dialektik der Aufklärung (dialectic of enlightenment) written in 1944, a time when culture no longer needed to be socially justified. In this work, Adorno and Horkheimer delve into the reification "Reification (Marxism)") of culture through industrial processes. They assume that the concentrated economy system is a commercial system in which the cultural industry is shown as a business that, in turn, reaffirms the same system, so that technological resources end up being resources of domination over the recipient (technocracy). According to this system, most of the structural needs of modern society find their satisfaction in mass culture. According to Zallo, the Cultural Industry is: "a set of branches, segments and auxiliary industrial activities that produce and distribute merchandise with symbolic content, conceived by creative work, organized by capital that is valued and ultimately destined for consumer markets with a function of ideological and social reproduction. According to Rey and others, cultural industries are those that achieve the creation and production of marketable goods and services with intangible contents of a cultural nature. They are goods and services in which ways of life, values, ideas and that for the purposes of their protection require copyright regulation. It is access to certain resources (mainly economic) that allows influence on culture (McBride Report). In short, according to some of these authors, the cultural industry is seen as a repressor of people's instincts and individuality, as well as a tool that allows and promotes the perpetuation of the capitalist system.
• - Pharmaceutical industry is the sector dedicated to the development, manufacturing and preparation of medicinal chemical products for the prevention or treatment of diseases. Some companies in the sector manufacture pharmaceutical chemicals in bulk (primary production), and all of them are prepared for medical use by methods known collectively as secondary production. Among the highly automated secondary production processes are the manufacture of dosed drugs, such as pills, capsules or sachets for oral administration, injection solutions, suppositories and suppositories.[4] The preparations have different presentations and can be sucked (like candy), taken orally (like syrups) or administered in the form of inhalations with dosed aerosols, drops&action=edit&redlink=1 "Drop (unit) (not yet written)") for the nose, ears or eyes, or creams&action=edit&redlink=1 "Cream (chemical) (not yet drafted)"), ointments&action=edit&redlink=1 "Ointment (dosage form) (not yet drafted)") and lotions applied to the skin. Some companies also make anesthetics and contrast media used to visualize body structures using X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• - Textile industry is the name given to the sector of the economy dedicated to the production of clothing, yarn), fiber and related products. Although from a technical point of view it is a different sector, economic statistics usually include the footwear industry as part of the textile industry. Textiles are mass consumption products that are sold in large quantities. The textile industry generates a large number of direct and indirect jobs, it has an important weight in the world economy. It is one of the industrial sectors that generates the most controversy, especially in the definition of international trade agreements. Mainly due to their effect on occupancy rates.
• - Aeronautical industry, commercial aviation industry or aeronautical business, is made up of all those activities linked to civil air transport that include: Operators or airlines, Travel agencies, Airports, Infrastructure and Aircraft builders. Other related industries are the oil, insurance, tourism and security industries. The airline industry has large sales volumes and low profit margins. It has high fixed costs and highly variable demand, sensitive to economic cycles and external factors. It is a very competitive market, which encourages price wars and competitions over itineraries, bankrupting those who do not have an intelligent business strategy based on flexibility and efficiency. In fact, the industry has accumulated million-dollar losses in recent years as a result of competition, but also the recent terrorist attacks and the rise in the value of oil. It depends on demanding logistics and service, so technology support is key to offering customer service and internal efficiency. Most airlines transport cargo and passengers.
• - Metallurgical industry its objective is the obtaining and treatment of metals from metallic minerals to non-metallic ones. It also studies the production of alloys, the quality control of the related processes as well as their control against corrosion.
• - Chemical industry deals with the extraction and processing of raw materials, both natural and synthetic, and their transformation into other substances with characteristics different from those they originally had, to satisfy the needs of people, improving their quality of life. Its main objective is to produce a good quality product at the lowest possible cost, and trying to cause the least possible damage to the environment.
• - Sex industry is the term given to the commercial industry of companies that employ sex workers in various capacities, generally related to what is described as adult entertainment that includes eroticism, since it comprises a number of forms of entertainment related to sex, it is not considered suitable for children. The sex industry represents a significant part of the global economy and has been credited with technological advances in multimedia, such as home videos, DVDs, pay-per-view, video streaming and video on demand. Examples of modern types of businesses operating in the sex industry are Hustler (a monthly men's magazine); SexTV: The Channel (a digital cable television channel); randimg.com (a popular website), Artemis&action=edit&redlink=1 "Artemis (Brothel) (not yet written)") (a mega-brothel in Germany), and Ann Summers") (a success of the British chain of Sex shops).
By consumers
Industries can be classified in different ways, referring to different parameters. In this case, we have classified the types of industries according to the consumers of the product "Product (marketing)") that they manufacture. If we follow this type of classification, we obtain the following industries:
Base industries take raw materials and manipulate them until they are transformed into semi-finished products. Afterwards, this industry will sell its products to industries that transform these semi-finished products into final products. In this group, metal and chemical weighing industries stand out. Example: refineries (chemical weighing). These industries also include the extractive industry, such as mining, fishing, sugar and coal.
The capital goods industries work with these semi-finished products, transforming them into final products, which are normally destined for another industry, because they are goods that complement other goods, although they can also be destined directly to the consumer, if it is a customer who wants a specific part of a vehicle for example, but does not want the entire vehicle. Here we can find metal industries that manufacture machines and transport equipment.
They use different types of semi-finished products and other resources that are normally not large, to produce goods that go directly to the consumption of the population or to trade with other countries through transportation. It is the type of industry that we know best, because there are more of them, such as food industries, perfumery... These industries are normally located near urban areas or where there is more population, because that is where there are markets and their consumers.
Different industries:
• - Manufacturing industry.
• - Heavy industry: uses large factories that work with large amounts of raw materials and energy.
• - Manufacturing industry"):
- Automotive: is responsible for the design, development, manufacturing, assembly, marketing, repair and sale of automobiles.
• - Cement plants: they manufacture cement and concrete from industrial rocks.
• - Light industry: transforms raw or semi-finished raw materials into products that are directly destined for consumption by people and service companies.
• - Furrier: is responsible for transforming skins (including leather) into footwear, clothing, among other products.
• - Cultural Industry: a set of sectors responsible for the creation, production, exhibition, distribution and/or dissemination of cultural services and goods.
• - Communications Industry"): Includes companies that cover traditional media; such as radio, press and television, digital communications or interaction networks and corporate communications, the latter being basically in charge of the business sector.