Indeterminate urban planning
Introduction
Crowdsourcing (from the English crowd –crowd– and outsourcing –external resources–) could be translated into Spanish as distributed open collaboration or open externalization of tasks, and consists of outsourcing tasks that were traditionally carried out by employees or contractors, leaving them in charge of a large group of people or a community, through an open call.
Jeff Howe, who coined the term in 2006, established that the concept of "crowdsourcing" essentially depends on the fact that, because it is an open call to an indeterminate group of people, it brings together those best suited to develop the tasks, to respond to complex problems, and thus contribute by providing the freshest and most relevant ideas.
For example, the public is invited to develop a new technology, or to carry out a design task (community-based design [1] or distributed participatory design), or to improve and implement the steps of an algorithm (see human-based computing), or to help capture, systematize, process and analyze large amounts of data (citizen science).
The term has become popular among companies, authors and journalists, as a shorthand for the tendency to promote mass collaboration, enabled by new technologies (such as Web 2.0), in order to achieve business objectives or eventually social proposals. However, the term and its business models have generated controversy and criticism. Web 2.0 is aimed at facilitating maximum interaction between users and the development of social networks where they can express and give their opinions, and also search for and share information on topics of interest, allowing greater interaction and collaboration between users.
The definition problem
Crowdsourcing has been defined on many occasions. Jeff Howe") was the first to coin the term. This author defined it as.
Other authors have given their version of the definition. Daren Brabham"), for example, states that crowdsourcing is "a strategic model for attracting an interested and motivated crowd of individuals, capable of providing solutions superior in quality and quantity to those that traditional forms of business could provide."[3].