Contenido

Medios inmersivos es un término aplicado a un grupo de conceptos, definidos de diversas formas, que pueden tener aplicación en campos como la ingeniería, los medios, la atención sanitaria, la educación y el comercio minorista. [10]​ Los conceptos incluidos en los medios inmersivos son:.

Technology

Immersive virtual reality is a technology that aims to completely immerse the user within the computer-generated world, giving them the impression that they have "entered" the synthetic world.[12]​ This is achieved through the use of Head-Mounted Display (HMD) technologies or multiple projections. HMD allows virtual reality to be projected right in front of the eyes and allows users to focus on it without any distractions.[13]​ The first attempts to develop immersive technology date back to the 19th century. Without these early attempts, the world of immersive technology would never have reached the advanced technological state we have today. The many elements surrounding the realm of immersive technology combine in different ways to create different types of immersive technology, including virtual reality and pervasive gaming. While immersive technology has already had an immense impact on our world, its progressive growth and development will continue to have lasting impacts on our technological culture.

One of the first devices that was designed to look and function like a virtual reality headset was called a stereoscope. It was invented in the 1830s during the early days of photography and used a slightly different image in each eye to create a sort of 3D effect. [14] Although as photography continued to develop at the end of the century, stereoscopes became increasingly obsolete. Immersive technology became more available to people in 1957 when Morton Heilig invented the Sensorama movie experience that included speakers, fans, scent generators, and a vibrating chair to immerse the viewer in the movie. When one imagines the virtual reality headsets we see today, one must give credit to The Sword of Damocles, which was invented in 1968 and allowed users to connect their virtual reality headsets to a computer instead of a camera. In 1991, Sega released the Sega VR headset, designed for home and arcade use, but only the arcade version was released due to technical difficulties. Augmented reality began to develop rapidly in the 1990s, when Louis Rosenberg created Virtual Fixtures, which was the first fully immersive augmented reality system, used for the Air Force. The invention improved operator performance on manual tasks in remote locations by using two robot controls in an exoskeleton.[13] The first introduction of augmented reality shown to a live audience was in 1998, when the NFL first displayed a virtual yellow line to represent the line of scrimmage/first down. In 1999, Hirokazu Kato developed ARToolkit, which was an open source library for developing AR applications. This allowed people to experiment with AR and release new and improved applications. Later, in 2009, Esquire magazine was the first to use a QR code on the cover of its magazine to provide additional content. Once Oculus hit the market in 2012, it revolutionized virtual reality and eventually raised $2.4 million and began releasing its pre-production models to developers. Facebook bought Oculus for $2 billion in 2014, showing the world the upward trajectory of virtual reality. In 2013, Google announced plans to develop its first AR headset, Google Glass. Production stopped in 2015 due to privacy concerns, but was relaunched in 2017 exclusively for the company. In 2016, Pokémon Go took the world by storm and became one of the most downloaded apps of all time. It was the first augmented reality game that could be accessed via phone.

A fully immersive technological experience occurs when all the elements of sight, sound and touch come together. It is necessary to carry out a truly immersive experience with virtual reality or augmented reality, since these two types use all of these elements. [15]​ Interactivity and connectivity are the central focus of immersive technology. It's not about placing someone in a completely different environment, it's about virtually introducing them to a new environment and giving them the opportunity to learn how to optimally live and interact with it.

Virtual reality is the primary source of immersive technology that allows the user to be completely immersed in a fully digital environment that replicates another reality.[16]​ Users must use headsets, hand controls, and headphones to have a fully immersive experience where they can use movements/reflexes. There are also widespread games that use real-world locations within the game.[16] This is when the user's interaction in a virtual game leads to interaction in real life. Some of these games may require users to physically gather together to complete stages.[16]​ The gaming world has developed a number of popular virtual reality video games, such as Vader Immortal, Trover Saves the Universe, and No Man's Sky.[17]​ The world of immersive technology has many facets that will continue to develop and expand over time.

Immersive technology today

Immersive technology has grown enormously in recent decades and continues to progress. Virtual reality has even been described as the learning aid of the century. [18]​ Head-mounted displays (HMDs) are what allow users to get a fully immersive experience. The HMD market is expected to be worth more than $25 billion by 2022.[18] Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies received a boost of attention when Mark Zuckerberg, founder/creator of Facebook, purchased Oculus for $2 billion in 2014.[19] The Oculus Quest was recently released, which is wireless and allows users to move more freely. It costs around $400, which is about the same price as previous generation wired headsets.[18] Other large corporations such as Sony, Samsung, and HTC are also investing heavily in VR/AR.[19] When it comes to education, many researchers are currently exploring the benefits and applications of virtual reality in the classroom.[18] However, there is currently little systemic work on how researchers have applied immersive virtual reality for higher education purposes using HMD.[18]​ The most popular use of immersive technology occurs in the world of video games. By completely immersing users in their favorite game, HMDs have allowed people to experience the realm of video games from a completely new perspective.[20]​ Current video games such as Star Wars: Squadron, Half-Life: Alyx, and No Man's Sky give users the ability to experience all aspects of the digital world in their gameplay. [20]​ While there is still much to learn about immersive technology and what it has to offer, it has come a long way since its inception at the turn of the century.

Components

Hardware technologies are developed to stimulate one or more senses "Sense (perception)") and create perceptually real sensations. Some vision technologies include 3D displays, full domes, head-mounted displays, and holography. Some hearing technologies include 3D audio effects, high-resolution audio, and surround sound. Haptic technology simulates tactile responses.

Various technologies provide the ability to interact and communicate with the virtual environment, including brain-computer interfaces, gesture recognition, omnidirectional treadmills, and voice recognition.

The software interacts with hardware technology to represent the virtual environment and process user input "User (Computing)") to provide dynamic feedback in real time. To achieve this, the software usually integrates artificial intelligence components and virtual worlds. This is done differently depending on the technology and environment; Whether the software needs to create a fully immersive environment or display a projection over the already existing environment that the user is looking at.

Research and development

Many universities have programs that research and develop immersive technology. Examples include Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab, USC Computer Graphics and Immersive Technologies Lab, Iowa State Virtual Reality Applications Center, University of Buffalo VR Lab, Teesside University Intelligent Virtual Environments Lab, Liverpool John Moores University Immersive Stories Lab, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Oklahoma State University, and University of Southern California. [21] All of these universities and more are researching the advancement of technology along with the different uses to which virtual reality could be applied. [22] Also in universities, the video game industry has received a huge boost from immersive technology, specifically augmented reality. The company Epic Games, known for its popular game Fortnite, generated $1.25 billion in an investment round in 2018, as it has a leading platform in 3D development for AR applications. [23]​ The US government requests information for the development of immersive technologies [24]​ and funds specific projects.[25]​ This is for implementation in government branches in the future.

Application

Immersive technology is applied in several areas, including retail and e-commerce,[26]​ the adult industry,[27]​ art,[28]​ entertainment and video games and interactive storytelling, the military, education,[29]​[30]​ and medicine.[31]​ It is also growing in the nonprofit industry in fields such as disaster relief and conservation due to its ability to put the user in a situation that would elicit more of an experience of the real world than just an image, which would give them a stronger emotional connection to the situation they would be seeing. As immersive technology becomes more widespread, it will likely spread to other industries. Additionally, with the legalization of cannabis "Cannabis (genus)") around the world, the cannabis industry has seen tremendous growth in the market for immersive technology to allow virtual tours of its facilities to attract potential customers and investors.

Concerns and ethics

The potential dangers of immersive technology have often been portrayed in science fiction and entertainment. Films like eXistenZ, The Matrix, and the short film Play by David Kaplan and Eric Zimmerman [32] raise questions about what can happen if we are unable to distinguish the physical world from the digital world. As the world of immersive technology becomes deeper and more intense, it will be a growing concern for both consumers and governments about how to regulate this industry. Because all of this technology is immersive and therefore does not take place in real life, any applications or issues that arise with the developing industry are something to keep an eye on. For example, legal systems debate issues of virtual crimes and whether it is ethical to allow illegal behavior such as rape [33]​ in a simulated environment, this in relation to the adult industry, art, entertainment and video games.

La realidad virtual inmersiva es una hipotética tecnología futura que existe hoy en día como proyectos artísticos de realidad virtual, en su mayor parte.[34]​ Consiste en la inmersión en un entorno artificial donde el usuario se siente tan inmerso como se siente habitualmente en la vida cotidiana.

Direct interaction of the nervous system

The most considered method would be to directly induce the sensations that make up virtual reality in the nervous system. In functionalism "Functionalism (philosophy)") / conventional biology we interact with everyday life through the nervous system. Thus we receive all the inputs from all the senses as nervous impulses. It gives your neurons a sense of heightened sensation. It would involve the user receiving inputs as artificially stimulated nerve impulses, the system would receive the outputs from the CNS (natural nerve impulses) and process them allowing the user to interact with virtual reality. It would be necessary to prevent natural impulses between the body and the central nervous system. This could be done by blocking natural impulses using nanorobots that attach to brain wiring, while receiving digital impulses describing the virtual world, which could then be sent to the brain wiring. A feedback system between the user and the computer that stores the information would also be necessary. Considering how much information would be needed for such a system, it is likely to be based on hypothetical forms of computer technology.

Requirements

A comprehensive understanding of which nerve impulses correspond to which sensations and which motor impulses correspond to which muscle contractions will be required. This will allow the correct user sensations and actions to occur in virtual reality. The Blue Brain Project is the most promising current research with the idea of ​​understanding how the brain works by building large-scale computer models.

Obviously it would be necessary to manipulate the central nervous system. While non-invasive devices using radiation have been postulated, cyber-invasive implants are likely to become available sooner and be more precise. Molecular nanotechnology is likely to provide the required degree of precision and could allow the implant to be built inside the body rather than inserted through surgery. [35]​.

A very powerful computer would be needed to process virtual reality complex enough to make it almost indistinguishable from everyday life and interact with the central nervous system quickly enough.

Un entorno digital inmersivo es una escena "Cinemática (videojuegos)") o "mundo" artificial, interactivo y creado por computadora en el que un usuario puede sumergirse.[36]​Los entornos digitales inmersivos podrían considerarse sinónimos de realidad virtual, pero sin la implicación de que se esté simulando la "realidad" real. Un entorno digital inmersivo podría ser un modelo de la realidad, pero también podría ser una completa interfaz de usuario de fantasía o una abstracción "Abstracción (filosofía)"), siempre que el usuario del entorno esté inmerso en él. La definición de inmersión es amplia y variable, pero aquí se supone que significa simplemente que el usuario se siente parte del " universo " simulado. El éxito con el que un entorno digital inmersivo puede realmente sumergir al usuario "Usuario (informática)") depende de muchos factores, como gráficos creíbles por computadora en 3D, sonido envolvente, entrada interactiva del usuario y otros factores como la simplicidad, la funcionalidad y el potencial de disfrute. Actualmente se están desarrollando nuevas tecnologías que pretenden aportar efectos ambientales realistas al entorno de los jugadores: efectos como el viento, la vibración del asiento y la iluminación ambiental.

Perception

To create a feeling of total immersion, all 5 senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste) must perceive the digital environment as physically real. Immersive technology can trick the senses through perception:.

Interaction

Once the senses reach a sufficient belief that the digital environment is real (interaction and participation can never be real), the user should be able to interact with the environment in a natural and intuitive way. Various immersive technologies, such as gesture controls, motion tracking, and computer vision, respond to the user's actions and movements. Brain control interfaces (BCIs) respond to the user's brain wave activity.

Examples and applications

Training and rehearsal simulations run the gamut from part-task procedural training (often about buttons, for example: which button is pressed to deploy a refueling arm) to full-motion simulations that train pilots. or soldiers and law enforcement officers in scenarios that are too dangerous to train with real equipment using real ammunition. Video games from simple arcade to massively multiplayer online games and training programs such as flight and driving simulators. Entertainment environments such as motion simulators that immerse riders/players in a virtual digital environment enhanced by motion, visual and auditory cues. Reality simulators, like one from the Virunga Mountains in Rwanda that takes you on a journey through the jungle to meet a tribe of mountain gorillas. Or training versions such as the one that simulates a tour of the human arteries and heart to witness the accumulation of plaque and thus learn about cholesterol and health.[37]​.

In parallel with scientists, artists such as Knowbotic Research, Donna Cox, Rebecca Allen, Robbie Cooper, Maurice Benayoun, Char Davies and Jeffrey Shaw use the potential of immersive virtual reality to create physiological or symbolic experiences and situations. Other examples of immersive technology include the immersive physical environment/space with digital projections and surrounding sound, such as CAVE, and the use of virtual reality headsets for watching movies, with head tracking and computer control of the presented image, so that the viewer seems to be inside the scene. The next generation is VIRTSIM, which achieves full immersion through motion capture and wireless head-mounted displays for teams of up to thirteen immersive people, enabling natural movement through space and interaction in both virtual and physical space simultaneously.

New fields of studies linked to immersive virtual reality emerge every day. Researchers see great potential in virtual reality testing serving as complementary interview methods in psychiatric care.[38] Immersive virtual reality has also been used in studies as an educational tool in which visualization of psychotic states has been used to gain greater understanding of patients with similar symptoms. There are new treatment methods available for schizophrenia [39]​ and other recently developed research areas where immersive virtual reality is expected to improve: education on surgical procedures, [40]​ injury and surgical rehabilitation programs [41]​ and reduction of phantom limb pain.[42]​.

In the field of architectural design and building sciences, immersive virtual environments are adopted to facilitate architects and construction engineers to improve the design process by assimilating their sense of scale, depth, and spatial awareness. Such platforms integrate the use of virtual reality models and mixed reality technologies in various research functions in building sciences,[43]​ construction operations,[44]​ personnel training, end-user surveys, performance simulations[45]​ and building information modeling visualization.[46]​[47]​ Head-mounted displays (with 3 degrees of freedom and 6 degrees of freedom systems) and CAVE platforms are used for spatial visualization and navigation. Building information modeling (BIM) for different design and evaluation purposes. [48]​ Clients, architects and building owners use applications derived from game engines to navigate 1:1 scale BIM models, enabling a virtual walk-through experience of future buildings. [47] For such use cases, improved spatial navigation performance between virtual reality headsets and 2D desktop displays has been investigated in several studies, with some suggesting a significant improvement in virtual reality headsets [49] [50] while others indicate no significant difference. [51] [52] Architects and construction engineers can also use immersive design tools to model various building elements in reality CAD interfaces. [53]​ [54]​ and apply property modifications to building information modeling (BIM) files through such environments.[46]​ [55]​ In the building construction phase, immersive environments are used to improve site preparations, on-site communication and collaboration of team members, safety [56]​ [57]​ and logistics.[58]​ For training construction workers, virtual environments have proven to be very effective in transferring skills and studies show similar performance results to training in real environments. [59]​ Furthermore, virtual platforms are also used in the operation phase of buildings to interact and visualize data with Internet of Things (IoT) devices available in buildings, process improvement and also resource management. [60]​ [61]​.

Occupant and end-user studies are conducted through immersive environments. [62]​ [63]​ Virtual Immersive platforms engage future occupants in the building design process by providing a sense of presence to users by integrating pre-construction mockups and BIM models for evaluation of alternative design options in the building model in a timely and cost-effective manner. [64]​ Studies conducting human experiments have shown that users perform similarly in daily office activities (object identification, reading speed, and comprehension) within immersive virtual environments and tested physical environments. [62]​ In the field of lighting, virtual reality headsets have been used to investigate the influence of facade patterns on perceptual impressions and satisfaction of a simulated space with natural light.[65]​ Additionally, artificial lighting studies have implemented immersive virtual environments to evaluate the lighting preferences of end users of simulated virtual scenes with control of blinds and artificial lights in the virtual environment.[63]​.

For structural analysis and engineering, immersive environments allow the user to focus on structural investigations without being too distracted to operate and navigate the simulation tool.[66] Virtual and augmented reality applications have been designed for finite element analysis of shell structures. Using a "Stylus (computing)" stylus and data gloves as input devices, the user can create, modify meshes, and specify boundary conditions. For simple geometry, real-time color-coded results are obtained by changing the loads on the model.[67]​ Studies have used artificial neural networks (ANNs) or approximation methods to achieve real-time interaction of complex geometry and simulate its impact. using haptic gloves.[68] Large-scale structures and bridge simulation have also been achieved in immersive virtual environments. The user can move the loads acting on the bridge and the finite element analysis results are updated immediately using an approximate module.[69]​.

Simulation sickness, or simulator sickness, is a condition in which a person experiences symptoms similar to motion sickness caused by playing computer/simulation/video games (Oculus Rift is working to resolve simulator sickness).[70] Motion sickness due to virtual reality is very similar to simulation sickness and motion sickness due to movies. In virtual reality, however, the effect is heightened, as all external reference points are blocked from vision, the simulated images are three-dimensional and, in some cases, stereo sound can also give a sensation of movement. Studies have shown that exposure to rotational movements in a virtual environment can cause a significant increase in nausea and other symptoms of motion sickness.[71] Other behavioral changes, such as stress, addiction, isolation, and mood swings, are also considered to be side effects caused by immersive virtual reality.[72]​.

Contenido

Medios inmersivos es un término aplicado a un grupo de conceptos, definidos de diversas formas, que pueden tener aplicación en campos como la ingeniería, los medios, la atención sanitaria, la educación y el comercio minorista. [10]​ Los conceptos incluidos en los medios inmersivos son:.

Technology

Immersive virtual reality is a technology that aims to completely immerse the user within the computer-generated world, giving them the impression that they have "entered" the synthetic world.[12]​ This is achieved through the use of Head-Mounted Display (HMD) technologies or multiple projections. HMD allows virtual reality to be projected right in front of the eyes and allows users to focus on it without any distractions.[13]​ The first attempts to develop immersive technology date back to the 19th century. Without these early attempts, the world of immersive technology would never have reached the advanced technological state we have today. The many elements surrounding the realm of immersive technology combine in different ways to create different types of immersive technology, including virtual reality and pervasive gaming. While immersive technology has already had an immense impact on our world, its progressive growth and development will continue to have lasting impacts on our technological culture.

One of the first devices that was designed to look and function like a virtual reality headset was called a stereoscope. It was invented in the 1830s during the early days of photography and used a slightly different image in each eye to create a sort of 3D effect. [14] Although as photography continued to develop at the end of the century, stereoscopes became increasingly obsolete. Immersive technology became more available to people in 1957 when Morton Heilig invented the Sensorama movie experience that included speakers, fans, scent generators, and a vibrating chair to immerse the viewer in the movie. When one imagines the virtual reality headsets we see today, one must give credit to The Sword of Damocles, which was invented in 1968 and allowed users to connect their virtual reality headsets to a computer instead of a camera. In 1991, Sega released the Sega VR headset, designed for home and arcade use, but only the arcade version was released due to technical difficulties. Augmented reality began to develop rapidly in the 1990s, when Louis Rosenberg created Virtual Fixtures, which was the first fully immersive augmented reality system, used for the Air Force. The invention improved operator performance on manual tasks in remote locations by using two robot controls in an exoskeleton.[13] The first introduction of augmented reality shown to a live audience was in 1998, when the NFL first displayed a virtual yellow line to represent the line of scrimmage/first down. In 1999, Hirokazu Kato developed ARToolkit, which was an open source library for developing AR applications. This allowed people to experiment with AR and release new and improved applications. Later, in 2009, Esquire magazine was the first to use a QR code on the cover of its magazine to provide additional content. Once Oculus hit the market in 2012, it revolutionized virtual reality and eventually raised $2.4 million and began releasing its pre-production models to developers. Facebook bought Oculus for $2 billion in 2014, showing the world the upward trajectory of virtual reality. In 2013, Google announced plans to develop its first AR headset, Google Glass. Production stopped in 2015 due to privacy concerns, but was relaunched in 2017 exclusively for the company. In 2016, Pokémon Go took the world by storm and became one of the most downloaded apps of all time. It was the first augmented reality game that could be accessed via phone.

A fully immersive technological experience occurs when all the elements of sight, sound and touch come together. It is necessary to carry out a truly immersive experience with virtual reality or augmented reality, since these two types use all of these elements. [15]​ Interactivity and connectivity are the central focus of immersive technology. It's not about placing someone in a completely different environment, it's about virtually introducing them to a new environment and giving them the opportunity to learn how to optimally live and interact with it.

Virtual reality is the primary source of immersive technology that allows the user to be completely immersed in a fully digital environment that replicates another reality.[16]​ Users must use headsets, hand controls, and headphones to have a fully immersive experience where they can use movements/reflexes. There are also widespread games that use real-world locations within the game.[16] This is when the user's interaction in a virtual game leads to interaction in real life. Some of these games may require users to physically gather together to complete stages.[16]​ The gaming world has developed a number of popular virtual reality video games, such as Vader Immortal, Trover Saves the Universe, and No Man's Sky.[17]​ The world of immersive technology has many facets that will continue to develop and expand over time.

Immersive technology today

Immersive technology has grown enormously in recent decades and continues to progress. Virtual reality has even been described as the learning aid of the century. [18]​ Head-mounted displays (HMDs) are what allow users to get a fully immersive experience. The HMD market is expected to be worth more than $25 billion by 2022.[18] Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies received a boost of attention when Mark Zuckerberg, founder/creator of Facebook, purchased Oculus for $2 billion in 2014.[19] The Oculus Quest was recently released, which is wireless and allows users to move more freely. It costs around $400, which is about the same price as previous generation wired headsets.[18] Other large corporations such as Sony, Samsung, and HTC are also investing heavily in VR/AR.[19] When it comes to education, many researchers are currently exploring the benefits and applications of virtual reality in the classroom.[18] However, there is currently little systemic work on how researchers have applied immersive virtual reality for higher education purposes using HMD.[18]​ The most popular use of immersive technology occurs in the world of video games. By completely immersing users in their favorite game, HMDs have allowed people to experience the realm of video games from a completely new perspective.[20]​ Current video games such as Star Wars: Squadron, Half-Life: Alyx, and No Man's Sky give users the ability to experience all aspects of the digital world in their gameplay. [20]​ While there is still much to learn about immersive technology and what it has to offer, it has come a long way since its inception at the turn of the century.

Components

Hardware technologies are developed to stimulate one or more senses "Sense (perception)") and create perceptually real sensations. Some vision technologies include 3D displays, full domes, head-mounted displays, and holography. Some hearing technologies include 3D audio effects, high-resolution audio, and surround sound. Haptic technology simulates tactile responses.

Various technologies provide the ability to interact and communicate with the virtual environment, including brain-computer interfaces, gesture recognition, omnidirectional treadmills, and voice recognition.

The software interacts with hardware technology to represent the virtual environment and process user input "User (Computing)") to provide dynamic feedback in real time. To achieve this, the software usually integrates artificial intelligence components and virtual worlds. This is done differently depending on the technology and environment; Whether the software needs to create a fully immersive environment or display a projection over the already existing environment that the user is looking at.

Research and development

Many universities have programs that research and develop immersive technology. Examples include Stanford's Virtual Human Interaction Lab, USC Computer Graphics and Immersive Technologies Lab, Iowa State Virtual Reality Applications Center, University of Buffalo VR Lab, Teesside University Intelligent Virtual Environments Lab, Liverpool John Moores University Immersive Stories Lab, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Oklahoma State University, and University of Southern California. [21] All of these universities and more are researching the advancement of technology along with the different uses to which virtual reality could be applied. [22] Also in universities, the video game industry has received a huge boost from immersive technology, specifically augmented reality. The company Epic Games, known for its popular game Fortnite, generated $1.25 billion in an investment round in 2018, as it has a leading platform in 3D development for AR applications. [23]​ The US government requests information for the development of immersive technologies [24]​ and funds specific projects.[25]​ This is for implementation in government branches in the future.

Application

Immersive technology is applied in several areas, including retail and e-commerce,[26]​ the adult industry,[27]​ art,[28]​ entertainment and video games and interactive storytelling, the military, education,[29]​[30]​ and medicine.[31]​ It is also growing in the nonprofit industry in fields such as disaster relief and conservation due to its ability to put the user in a situation that would elicit more of an experience of the real world than just an image, which would give them a stronger emotional connection to the situation they would be seeing. As immersive technology becomes more widespread, it will likely spread to other industries. Additionally, with the legalization of cannabis "Cannabis (genus)") around the world, the cannabis industry has seen tremendous growth in the market for immersive technology to allow virtual tours of its facilities to attract potential customers and investors.

Concerns and ethics

The potential dangers of immersive technology have often been portrayed in science fiction and entertainment. Films like eXistenZ, The Matrix, and the short film Play by David Kaplan and Eric Zimmerman [32] raise questions about what can happen if we are unable to distinguish the physical world from the digital world. As the world of immersive technology becomes deeper and more intense, it will be a growing concern for both consumers and governments about how to regulate this industry. Because all of this technology is immersive and therefore does not take place in real life, any applications or issues that arise with the developing industry are something to keep an eye on. For example, legal systems debate issues of virtual crimes and whether it is ethical to allow illegal behavior such as rape [33]​ in a simulated environment, this in relation to the adult industry, art, entertainment and video games.

La realidad virtual inmersiva es una hipotética tecnología futura que existe hoy en día como proyectos artísticos de realidad virtual, en su mayor parte.[34]​ Consiste en la inmersión en un entorno artificial donde el usuario se siente tan inmerso como se siente habitualmente en la vida cotidiana.

Direct interaction of the nervous system

The most considered method would be to directly induce the sensations that make up virtual reality in the nervous system. In functionalism "Functionalism (philosophy)") / conventional biology we interact with everyday life through the nervous system. Thus we receive all the inputs from all the senses as nervous impulses. It gives your neurons a sense of heightened sensation. It would involve the user receiving inputs as artificially stimulated nerve impulses, the system would receive the outputs from the CNS (natural nerve impulses) and process them allowing the user to interact with virtual reality. It would be necessary to prevent natural impulses between the body and the central nervous system. This could be done by blocking natural impulses using nanorobots that attach to brain wiring, while receiving digital impulses describing the virtual world, which could then be sent to the brain wiring. A feedback system between the user and the computer that stores the information would also be necessary. Considering how much information would be needed for such a system, it is likely to be based on hypothetical forms of computer technology.

Requirements

A comprehensive understanding of which nerve impulses correspond to which sensations and which motor impulses correspond to which muscle contractions will be required. This will allow the correct user sensations and actions to occur in virtual reality. The Blue Brain Project is the most promising current research with the idea of ​​understanding how the brain works by building large-scale computer models.

Obviously it would be necessary to manipulate the central nervous system. While non-invasive devices using radiation have been postulated, cyber-invasive implants are likely to become available sooner and be more precise. Molecular nanotechnology is likely to provide the required degree of precision and could allow the implant to be built inside the body rather than inserted through surgery. [35]​.

A very powerful computer would be needed to process virtual reality complex enough to make it almost indistinguishable from everyday life and interact with the central nervous system quickly enough.

Un entorno digital inmersivo es una escena "Cinemática (videojuegos)") o "mundo" artificial, interactivo y creado por computadora en el que un usuario puede sumergirse.[36]​Los entornos digitales inmersivos podrían considerarse sinónimos de realidad virtual, pero sin la implicación de que se esté simulando la "realidad" real. Un entorno digital inmersivo podría ser un modelo de la realidad, pero también podría ser una completa interfaz de usuario de fantasía o una abstracción "Abstracción (filosofía)"), siempre que el usuario del entorno esté inmerso en él. La definición de inmersión es amplia y variable, pero aquí se supone que significa simplemente que el usuario se siente parte del " universo " simulado. El éxito con el que un entorno digital inmersivo puede realmente sumergir al usuario "Usuario (informática)") depende de muchos factores, como gráficos creíbles por computadora en 3D, sonido envolvente, entrada interactiva del usuario y otros factores como la simplicidad, la funcionalidad y el potencial de disfrute. Actualmente se están desarrollando nuevas tecnologías que pretenden aportar efectos ambientales realistas al entorno de los jugadores: efectos como el viento, la vibración del asiento y la iluminación ambiental.

Perception

To create a feeling of total immersion, all 5 senses (sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste) must perceive the digital environment as physically real. Immersive technology can trick the senses through perception:.

Interaction

Once the senses reach a sufficient belief that the digital environment is real (interaction and participation can never be real), the user should be able to interact with the environment in a natural and intuitive way. Various immersive technologies, such as gesture controls, motion tracking, and computer vision, respond to the user's actions and movements. Brain control interfaces (BCIs) respond to the user's brain wave activity.

Examples and applications

Training and rehearsal simulations run the gamut from part-task procedural training (often about buttons, for example: which button is pressed to deploy a refueling arm) to full-motion simulations that train pilots. or soldiers and law enforcement officers in scenarios that are too dangerous to train with real equipment using real ammunition. Video games from simple arcade to massively multiplayer online games and training programs such as flight and driving simulators. Entertainment environments such as motion simulators that immerse riders/players in a virtual digital environment enhanced by motion, visual and auditory cues. Reality simulators, like one from the Virunga Mountains in Rwanda that takes you on a journey through the jungle to meet a tribe of mountain gorillas. Or training versions such as the one that simulates a tour of the human arteries and heart to witness the accumulation of plaque and thus learn about cholesterol and health.[37]​.

In parallel with scientists, artists such as Knowbotic Research, Donna Cox, Rebecca Allen, Robbie Cooper, Maurice Benayoun, Char Davies and Jeffrey Shaw use the potential of immersive virtual reality to create physiological or symbolic experiences and situations. Other examples of immersive technology include the immersive physical environment/space with digital projections and surrounding sound, such as CAVE, and the use of virtual reality headsets for watching movies, with head tracking and computer control of the presented image, so that the viewer seems to be inside the scene. The next generation is VIRTSIM, which achieves full immersion through motion capture and wireless head-mounted displays for teams of up to thirteen immersive people, enabling natural movement through space and interaction in both virtual and physical space simultaneously.

New fields of studies linked to immersive virtual reality emerge every day. Researchers see great potential in virtual reality testing serving as complementary interview methods in psychiatric care.[38] Immersive virtual reality has also been used in studies as an educational tool in which visualization of psychotic states has been used to gain greater understanding of patients with similar symptoms. There are new treatment methods available for schizophrenia [39]​ and other recently developed research areas where immersive virtual reality is expected to improve: education on surgical procedures, [40]​ injury and surgical rehabilitation programs [41]​ and reduction of phantom limb pain.[42]​.

In the field of architectural design and building sciences, immersive virtual environments are adopted to facilitate architects and construction engineers to improve the design process by assimilating their sense of scale, depth, and spatial awareness. Such platforms integrate the use of virtual reality models and mixed reality technologies in various research functions in building sciences,[43]​ construction operations,[44]​ personnel training, end-user surveys, performance simulations[45]​ and building information modeling visualization.[46]​[47]​ Head-mounted displays (with 3 degrees of freedom and 6 degrees of freedom systems) and CAVE platforms are used for spatial visualization and navigation. Building information modeling (BIM) for different design and evaluation purposes. [48]​ Clients, architects and building owners use applications derived from game engines to navigate 1:1 scale BIM models, enabling a virtual walk-through experience of future buildings. [47] For such use cases, improved spatial navigation performance between virtual reality headsets and 2D desktop displays has been investigated in several studies, with some suggesting a significant improvement in virtual reality headsets [49] [50] while others indicate no significant difference. [51] [52] Architects and construction engineers can also use immersive design tools to model various building elements in reality CAD interfaces. [53]​ [54]​ and apply property modifications to building information modeling (BIM) files through such environments.[46]​ [55]​ In the building construction phase, immersive environments are used to improve site preparations, on-site communication and collaboration of team members, safety [56]​ [57]​ and logistics.[58]​ For training construction workers, virtual environments have proven to be very effective in transferring skills and studies show similar performance results to training in real environments. [59]​ Furthermore, virtual platforms are also used in the operation phase of buildings to interact and visualize data with Internet of Things (IoT) devices available in buildings, process improvement and also resource management. [60]​ [61]​.

Occupant and end-user studies are conducted through immersive environments. [62]​ [63]​ Virtual Immersive platforms engage future occupants in the building design process by providing a sense of presence to users by integrating pre-construction mockups and BIM models for evaluation of alternative design options in the building model in a timely and cost-effective manner. [64]​ Studies conducting human experiments have shown that users perform similarly in daily office activities (object identification, reading speed, and comprehension) within immersive virtual environments and tested physical environments. [62]​ In the field of lighting, virtual reality headsets have been used to investigate the influence of facade patterns on perceptual impressions and satisfaction of a simulated space with natural light.[65]​ Additionally, artificial lighting studies have implemented immersive virtual environments to evaluate the lighting preferences of end users of simulated virtual scenes with control of blinds and artificial lights in the virtual environment.[63]​.

For structural analysis and engineering, immersive environments allow the user to focus on structural investigations without being too distracted to operate and navigate the simulation tool.[66] Virtual and augmented reality applications have been designed for finite element analysis of shell structures. Using a "Stylus (computing)" stylus and data gloves as input devices, the user can create, modify meshes, and specify boundary conditions. For simple geometry, real-time color-coded results are obtained by changing the loads on the model.[67]​ Studies have used artificial neural networks (ANNs) or approximation methods to achieve real-time interaction of complex geometry and simulate its impact. using haptic gloves.[68] Large-scale structures and bridge simulation have also been achieved in immersive virtual environments. The user can move the loads acting on the bridge and the finite element analysis results are updated immediately using an approximate module.[69]​.

Simulation sickness, or simulator sickness, is a condition in which a person experiences symptoms similar to motion sickness caused by playing computer/simulation/video games (Oculus Rift is working to resolve simulator sickness).[70] Motion sickness due to virtual reality is very similar to simulation sickness and motion sickness due to movies. In virtual reality, however, the effect is heightened, as all external reference points are blocked from vision, the simulated images are three-dimensional and, in some cases, stereo sound can also give a sensation of movement. Studies have shown that exposure to rotational movements in a virtual environment can cause a significant increase in nausea and other symptoms of motion sickness.[71] Other behavioral changes, such as stress, addiction, isolation, and mood swings, are also considered to be side effects caused by immersive virtual reality.[72]​.