Hydropneumatic Tanks
Introduction
Definition and basic function of hydropneumatic tanks
Hydropneumatic tanks are pressurized devices designed to store water and air in a hydraulic system, with the aim of maintaining a constant pressure and guaranteeing efficient flow in water supply and distribution facilities. They function as a shock absorber that absorbs pressure variations generated by pumps or changes in system demand, thus avoiding water hammer or sudden fluctuations.
They are commonly used in domestic, industrial and agricultural supply systems to improve the performance of pumps and reduce their start-stop cycle, prolonging the useful life of the equipment and reducing energy consumption. Its design and operation are based on the combination of a pressurized air volume and water storage, which allows a dynamic balance within the hydraulic system.
Principles of operation of hydropneumatic tanks
Pressure and storage mechanism
The fundamental principle of a hydropneumatic tank consists of the compression of air in a chamber separated from the water by means of a membrane, bladder or flexible diaphragm. When the pump fills the tank, the water presses on the air, increasing the internal pressure until it reaches an equilibrium point. This pressure is used to push water into the distribution system, maintaining a constant flow.
The presence of compressed air acts as a hydraulic spring that absorbs sudden variations in pressure, preventing water hammer and protecting pipes and fittings. When discharging water, the air expands, decreasing the internal pressure until the pump activates again to maintain the required level and pressure.
This continuous cycle allows the pump to operate more efficiently, reduces the number of starts and stops, decreases wear and contributes to quiet and stable operation of the system.