In Spain, a historical complex (previously, historical-artistic complex) is one of the categories associated with the declaration of an asset of cultural interest "Asset of cultural interest (Spain)"), along with monuments "Monument (historical heritage of Spain)"), gardens and historic sites#Historical_site "Asset of Cultural Interest (Spain)"), as well as archaeological zones.

According to Law 16/1985, of June 25, of the Spanish Historical Heritage, a "Historical Complex" is the group of real estate that forms a settlement unit, continuous or dispersed, conditioned by a physical structure representative of the evolution of a human community because it is a testimony of its culture or constitutes a value of use and enjoyment for the community. Likewise, a Historic Complex is any individualized nucleus of properties included in a higher population unit that meets those same characteristics and can be clearly delimited.[1]​.