Historic dam architecture
Introduction
The Hoover Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam located on the Colorado River, on the border between the states of Arizona and Nevada (USA). It is located 48 km southeast of Las Vegas.
It was initially called Boulder Dam, but was eventually named Hoover Dam, in honor of Herbert Hoover, who played a key role in its construction, first as Secretary of Commerce and then as President of the United States.
It was built during the time of the Great Depression, between 1931 and 1936, and was completed two years ahead of schedule. It is managed by the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior. Since 1981 it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The lake created upstream is named Lake Mead, in honor of Elwood Mead, an engineer who foresaw the need for the dam.
History
Contenido
Antes de la construcción de la presa, la cuenca de Río del Colorado se desbordaba cuando se derretía la nieve de las Montañas Rocosas. Estas inundaciones ponían en peligro a las comunidades agrícolas río abajo. Además de la esencial prevención de inundaciones, una presa haría posible la extensión de la agricultura de regadío en la zona seca. Esto también proporcionaría un suministro constante de agua para Los Ángeles y otras comunidades de California del Sur.
Uno de los óbices principales para el proyecto era la asignación equitativa de las aguas del Río Colorado. Varios de los estados de la cuenca del Río Colorado temieron que California, con sus enormes recursos financieros y su gran necesidad del agua, fuera el principal beneficiario. Era claro que sin algún tipo de un acuerdo sobre la distribución del agua, el proyecto no podía prosperar.
Planning and agreements
A commission was created in 1922 with a representative from each of the basin states and one from the Federal Government. The government representative was Herbert Hoover, then the Secretary of Commerce under President Warren Harding. In January 1922, Hoover met with the state governors of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming to reach an equitable arrangement to share the waters of the Colorado River. The agreement, signed on November 24, 1922, divided the river basin into upper and lower halves and the states within each region would decide how the water would be divided. This agreement, known as the , paved the way for the dam project.