The Ministry of National Assets of Chile (also known by its acronym, MBN) is the Ministry of State in charge of recognizing, administering and managing the national fiscal assets, the regularization of small real estate and superior control over national assets for public use, through the development of standards, policies and programs, maintaining complete and updated information on the territory, for the protection and valuation of the fiscal assets, in such a way as to contribute to the economic, social and territorial development of all the country's inhabitants.[3].
History
In 1871, under the government of President Federico Errázuriz Zañartu, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Colonization was created to order the occupation of land in the south of the country.[4] In 1888 during the presidency of José Manuel Balmaceda, the Ministry took the name "Foreign Relations, Worship and Colonization."[4].
On August 17, 1926, in order to preserve the ecosystem, the Vicente Pérez Rosales park (in the Los Lagos region) was established as a "Protected Wilderness Area", becoming the first national park in Chile. Three years later, during the first government of President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo on October 29, 1929, by means of the decree with the force of law (DFL), the "Ministry of Property" was created Austral", which took the reins of the management process of colonization policies south of the Biobío River.[4] The same year the "Department of National Assets and Colonization" began to operate, whose main function was to deliver the public lands to the settlers of southern Chile.[4] Then, on April 10, 1931, DFL No. 92 was enacted, which established that the inspection, supervision and control of the assets that form the patrimony of the State, correspond to the new "Ministry of National Assets, Lands and Colonization".[4].
Under the government of President Arturo Alessandri on January 16, 1935, the decree that declared the Juan Fernández Archipelago and Easter Island "national parks" came into effect.[4] Likewise, under the administration of President Pedro Aguirre Cerda in 1941, the entire territory of the province of Aysén was registered in the name of the treasury, with the aim of further guaranteeing the rights of the State over public lands.[4].
During the government of President Gabriel González Videla, on November 15, 1947, the "Association of Employees of the Ministry of Lands and Colonization", current "National Association of Officials of the Ministry of National Assets" (Anfubienes), was formed.[4].
Heritage route plan
Introduction
The Ministry of National Assets of Chile (also known by its acronym, MBN) is the Ministry of State in charge of recognizing, administering and managing the national fiscal assets, the regularization of small real estate and superior control over national assets for public use, through the development of standards, policies and programs, maintaining complete and updated information on the territory, for the protection and valuation of the fiscal assets, in such a way as to contribute to the economic, social and territorial development of all the country's inhabitants.[3].
History
In 1871, under the government of President Federico Errázuriz Zañartu, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Colonization was created to order the occupation of land in the south of the country.[4] In 1888 during the presidency of José Manuel Balmaceda, the Ministry took the name "Foreign Relations, Worship and Colonization."[4].
On August 17, 1926, in order to preserve the ecosystem, the Vicente Pérez Rosales park (in the Los Lagos region) was established as a "Protected Wilderness Area", becoming the first national park in Chile. Three years later, during the first government of President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo on October 29, 1929, by means of the decree with the force of law (DFL), the "Ministry of Property" was created Austral", which took the reins of the management process of colonization policies south of the Biobío River.[4] The same year the "Department of National Assets and Colonization" began to operate, whose main function was to deliver the public lands to the settlers of southern Chile.[4] Then, on April 10, 1931, DFL No. 92 was enacted, which established that the inspection, supervision and control of the assets that form the patrimony of the State, correspond to the new "Ministry of National Assets, Lands and Colonization".[4].
Under the government of President Arturo Alessandri on January 16, 1935, the decree that declared the Juan Fernández Archipelago and Easter Island "national parks" came into effect.[4] Likewise, under the administration of President Pedro Aguirre Cerda in 1941, the entire territory of the province of Aysén was registered in the name of the treasury, with the aim of further guaranteeing the rights of the State over public lands.[4].
On the other hand, on November 3, 1952, at the beginning of the second government of President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, an institutional milestone was marked, with Venancio Coñuepán Huenchual, the first indigenous Minister of State in the history of Chile, assuming the leadership of the Ministry.[4].
On July 23, 1953, after more than twenty years of operation, the Ministry was restructured and renamed the "Ministry of Lands and Colonization."[4] In this new structure, the "Division of Indigenous Affairs" would be in charge of delivering land to the indigenous population.[4].
During the government of President Jorge Alessandri, in November 1962, the agrarian reform began (DFL n° 15,020), through which many rural lands entered the treasury.[4].
Under the government of President Salvador Allende, on March 27, 1970, lawyer Roberto Cuéllar Bernal became—at 33 years old—the youngest Minister of National Assets in the history of the Ministry.
Later, under the military dictatorship "Military Dictatorship (Chile)") of General Augusto Pinochet, on November 10, 1977, Decree Law No. 1,939 created the Ministry of Lands and Colonization. This decree is the basis of the current operation of the Ministry, and dictates the rules on the acquisition, administration and disposal of State assets.[4].
On July 21, 1979, Decree Law No. 2,695 was promulgated, which laid the foundations for the "Chile Proprietary" program, by establishing new provisions on regularization of possession and constitution of ownership over small real estate. This legal body replaced the old legislation (Decree Law No. 6, of 1968), with an agile and administrative procedure.[4].
On November 7, 1979, Decree Law No. 2,885 began to regulate the recognition of the possession and granting of domain titles over lands of Rapa Nui in favor of members of the Rapa Nui people. assets and the constitution of small real estate.[4] Along these lines, on June 5 of the same year the Ministry was renamed "National Assets"; redefining its functions, adapting them to the new social, political and economic reality of the country.[4].
In 1981, the Organic Regulations of the Ministry were established, under supreme decree No. 386.[4] In December 1984, Law No. 18,362 created the "National System of Protected Wild Areas of the State" (SNASPE), which corresponds to those natural, terrestrial or aquatic environments that the State protects and manages to achieve its conservation. The State, through the Ministry, owns and prepares the decrees of these protected areas.[4].
In August 1985, Law No. 18,427 was issued that modified the organic law of the Ministry, which, among other things, created the "Colonization Division", assigning it the functions of studying, proposing and issuing instructions that allow human settlement in areas of the national territory with low population density.[4].
For the coming decade, on October 3, 1993, under the government of President Patricio Aylwin, through Law No. 19,253 (also called "Indigenous Law"), the State recognizes indigenous communities as legitimate descendants of indigenous peoples and, therefore, transmitters of their own traditions and popular manifestations.[4] Thanks to this, free titles, community transfers and free use concessions on fiscal properties have been processed, and title regularizations.[4].
On March 1, 1994, Law No. 19,300 on the Environment was promulgated, after work led by the Ministry of National Assets, together with the General Secretariat of the Presidency.[4] With the incoming government of President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle on the 11th of that same month, Adriana Delpiano Puelma became the first woman to assume the portfolio, a position in which she remained until April 1999. After her, five other women have been heads of the Ministry.[4].
Around 1995, the Ministry began to operate at the address Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins 720.[4] In 1999, the first program to promote investments in public lands, called "Invest in Patagonia", was announced in the Aysén region. This program was the precursor of the bidding plans that are carried out annually to this day.[4].
During the government of President Ricardo Lagos, in September 2000, Law No. 19,776 (known as "Southern Law") was published, complementary to Decree Law No. 1,939 (of 1977), regarding the granting of free domain titles, in special situations: beneficiaries of supreme decrees who were not registered at the time by their beneficiaries or descendants or those who acquired their rights.[4] At the same time, in March of that year, the lawyer Claudio Orrego Larraín, at 33 years old, became the youngest to take office as Minister of National Assets, since the return to democracy in 1990.
In 2001, the "Heritage Routes" program was created, which sought to socialize fiscal spaces of high social, natural, landscape and/or historical-cultural value.[4].
On September 29, 2003, the monetary concession of 17,763 hectares in the Antofagasta region was awarded to the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) and Associated Universities Inc, where the ALMA observatory was later located.[4].
On November 30, 2005, the first "protected national assets" (BNP) were created: Alto Apache, Salar de Huasco, Fundo Llancahue and Yelcho Chico-Ventisquero. Currently there are 62 BNP, covering 1,965 thousand hectares.[4] On March 10, 2006, the "National Territorial Information Coordination System" (SNIT) was created by decree No. 28, as an inter-institutional coordination mechanism for the management of public territorial information in the country.[4] In that same year, the transfer of fiscal assets to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning (Minvu) was achieved. eradicate or settle in urbanized housing more than 80,000 of the 100,000 people who lived in precarious camps, within the framework of the "Chile Barrio Program".[4].
Under the last year of President Michelle Bachelet's government, on October 24, 2009, Law No. 20,385 (called "Chaitén Law") was enacted, which empowered the treasury to buy and sell private properties on the occasion of the eruption of the Chaitén volcano.[4].
During the first government of Sebastián Piñera, in March 2010, the Ministry created the "Irregular Property Registry" (RPI) program, so that victims of the earthquake and tsunami of February 27 of that year could obtain title to their property expeditiously.[4].
In April 2010, the agreement was signed with the Ministry of Energy to develop renewable energy projects on public lands. Thanks to this policy, today 23% of the electricity matrix in Chile comes from renewable energies.[4].
For the second government of Michelle Bachelet, in 2014, a free long-term concession - 30 years - of the Tatio geysers was granted to the Atacameño communities of Toconce and Caspana, so that 140 indigenous families could use and manage one of the tourist spots most visited by national and foreign travelers in the Antofagasta region. for the "Cerro Dominador" project, the first concentrated solar power plant in Latin America, which will have an 85 MW solar thermal plant and a 200 MW photovoltaic plant.[4] Finally, on September 12 of the same date, the "National Committee for the Mountains in Chile" was created. Made up of the Ministry of National Assets and other organizations, it generates criteria to incorporate its protection into national public policies.[4].
On March 15, 2017, the Douglas Tompkins Foundation donated 407,625 hectares of land in the south to the State of Chile, the largest land donation in history, becoming the first step in the creation of the "Patagonia Parks Network."[4].
During the second government of Sebastián Piñera, on September 27, 2018, Law No. 21,108 came into force, which modified Decree Law No. 2,695, seeking to stop the proliferation of irregular subdivisions. Among other things, this law obliges the applicant for land regularization to present a certificate that accounts for the origin of the possession of said property.[4].
On February 14, 2019, Law No. 21,149 was enacted to punish those who prevent access to the beaches.[4] In the same way, on April 26, the government received the “Pumalín” and “Patagonia” national parks from the Tompkins Foundation. This milestone sealed the largest private donation process in the history of Chile.[4].
On April 23, 2020, the Ministry presented a "COVID-19 territorial viewer", open to citizens, which allows access to detailed and georeferenced information on the advance of the virus in the country.[4] This viewer had 3.6 million visits in 2020. Subsequently, the Ministry released a series of viewers that georeference SMEs, national parks, natural and cultural heritage, among others.[4].
On August 24, 2020, the creation of the new Río Clarillo (RM)[Note 1] and Salar del Huasco (Tarapacá) National Parks was announced. On the other hand, on October 13 of the same year, the Ministry of National Assets and the Ministry of Energy together with Corfo signed a collaboration agreement to promote green hydrogen projects on fiscal lands.[4] Likewise, on October 30, National Assets presented the "Modernization Plan" with five axes: simplification and digitalization of processes; a Ministry based on data, guidelines and criteria, internal management, and internal and external communication.[4].
In January 2021, the Ministry handed over the Pereira Palace to the headquarters of the Constitutional Convention, the body in charge of drafting a new Political Constitution of the Republic.[4].
Mission and objectives
According to its website, the Ministry of National Assets has the mission of working for a better quality of life for citizens through:[4].
On the other hand, the institutional work of the organization is organized into four strategic axes:[4].
References
[5] ↑ El 17 de diciembre de 2020, Río Clarillo se transformó en el primer Parque Nacional de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago.
During the government of President Gabriel González Videla, on November 15, 1947, the "Association of Employees of the Ministry of Lands and Colonization", current "National Association of Officials of the Ministry of National Assets" (Anfubienes), was formed.[4].
On the other hand, on November 3, 1952, at the beginning of the second government of President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, an institutional milestone was marked, with Venancio Coñuepán Huenchual, the first indigenous Minister of State in the history of Chile, assuming the leadership of the Ministry.[4].
On July 23, 1953, after more than twenty years of operation, the Ministry was restructured and renamed the "Ministry of Lands and Colonization."[4] In this new structure, the "Division of Indigenous Affairs" would be in charge of delivering land to the indigenous population.[4].
During the government of President Jorge Alessandri, in November 1962, the agrarian reform began (DFL n° 15,020), through which many rural lands entered the treasury.[4].
Under the government of President Salvador Allende, on March 27, 1970, lawyer Roberto Cuéllar Bernal became—at 33 years old—the youngest Minister of National Assets in the history of the Ministry.
Later, under the military dictatorship "Military Dictatorship (Chile)") of General Augusto Pinochet, on November 10, 1977, Decree Law No. 1,939 created the Ministry of Lands and Colonization. This decree is the basis of the current operation of the Ministry, and dictates the rules on the acquisition, administration and disposal of State assets.[4].
On July 21, 1979, Decree Law No. 2,695 was promulgated, which laid the foundations for the "Chile Proprietary" program, by establishing new provisions on regularization of possession and constitution of ownership over small real estate. This legal body replaced the old legislation (Decree Law No. 6, of 1968), with an agile and administrative procedure.[4].
On November 7, 1979, Decree Law No. 2,885 began to regulate the recognition of the possession and granting of domain titles over lands of Rapa Nui in favor of members of the Rapa Nui people. assets and the constitution of small real estate.[4] Along these lines, on June 5 of the same year the Ministry was renamed "National Assets"; redefining its functions, adapting them to the new social, political and economic reality of the country.[4].
In 1981, the Organic Regulations of the Ministry were established, under supreme decree No. 386.[4] In December 1984, Law No. 18,362 created the "National System of Protected Wild Areas of the State" (SNASPE), which corresponds to those natural, terrestrial or aquatic environments that the State protects and manages to achieve its conservation. The State, through the Ministry, owns and prepares the decrees of these protected areas.[4].
In August 1985, Law No. 18,427 was issued that modified the organic law of the Ministry, which, among other things, created the "Colonization Division", assigning it the functions of studying, proposing and issuing instructions that allow human settlement in areas of the national territory with low population density.[4].
For the coming decade, on October 3, 1993, under the government of President Patricio Aylwin, through Law No. 19,253 (also called "Indigenous Law"), the State recognizes indigenous communities as legitimate descendants of indigenous peoples and, therefore, transmitters of their own traditions and popular manifestations.[4] Thanks to this, free titles, community transfers and free use concessions on fiscal properties have been processed, and title regularizations.[4].
On March 1, 1994, Law No. 19,300 on the Environment was promulgated, after work led by the Ministry of National Assets, together with the General Secretariat of the Presidency.[4] With the incoming government of President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle on the 11th of that same month, Adriana Delpiano Puelma became the first woman to assume the portfolio, a position in which she remained until April 1999. After her, five other women have been heads of the Ministry.[4].
Around 1995, the Ministry began to operate at the address Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins 720.[4] In 1999, the first program to promote investments in public lands, called "Invest in Patagonia", was announced in the Aysén region. This program was the precursor of the bidding plans that are carried out annually to this day.[4].
During the government of President Ricardo Lagos, in September 2000, Law No. 19,776 (known as "Southern Law") was published, complementary to Decree Law No. 1,939 (of 1977), regarding the granting of free domain titles, in special situations: beneficiaries of supreme decrees who were not registered at the time by their beneficiaries or descendants or those who acquired their rights.[4] At the same time, in March of that year, the lawyer Claudio Orrego Larraín, at 33 years old, became the youngest to take office as Minister of National Assets, since the return to democracy in 1990.
In 2001, the "Heritage Routes" program was created, which sought to socialize fiscal spaces of high social, natural, landscape and/or historical-cultural value.[4].
On September 29, 2003, the monetary concession of 17,763 hectares in the Antofagasta region was awarded to the European Organization for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO) and Associated Universities Inc, where the ALMA observatory was later located.[4].
On November 30, 2005, the first "protected national assets" (BNP) were created: Alto Apache, Salar de Huasco, Fundo Llancahue and Yelcho Chico-Ventisquero. Currently there are 62 BNP, covering 1,965 thousand hectares.[4] On March 10, 2006, the "National Territorial Information Coordination System" (SNIT) was created by decree No. 28, as an inter-institutional coordination mechanism for the management of public territorial information in the country.[4] In that same year, the transfer of fiscal assets to the Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning (Minvu) was achieved. eradicate or settle in urbanized housing more than 80,000 of the 100,000 people who lived in precarious camps, within the framework of the "Chile Barrio Program".[4].
Under the last year of President Michelle Bachelet's government, on October 24, 2009, Law No. 20,385 (called "Chaitén Law") was enacted, which empowered the treasury to buy and sell private properties on the occasion of the eruption of the Chaitén volcano.[4].
During the first government of Sebastián Piñera, in March 2010, the Ministry created the "Irregular Property Registry" (RPI) program, so that victims of the earthquake and tsunami of February 27 of that year could obtain title to their property expeditiously.[4].
In April 2010, the agreement was signed with the Ministry of Energy to develop renewable energy projects on public lands. Thanks to this policy, today 23% of the electricity matrix in Chile comes from renewable energies.[4].
For the second government of Michelle Bachelet, in 2014, a free long-term concession - 30 years - of the Tatio geysers was granted to the Atacameño communities of Toconce and Caspana, so that 140 indigenous families could use and manage one of the tourist spots most visited by national and foreign travelers in the Antofagasta region. for the "Cerro Dominador" project, the first concentrated solar power plant in Latin America, which will have an 85 MW solar thermal plant and a 200 MW photovoltaic plant.[4] Finally, on September 12 of the same date, the "National Committee for the Mountains in Chile" was created. Made up of the Ministry of National Assets and other organizations, it generates criteria to incorporate its protection into national public policies.[4].
On March 15, 2017, the Douglas Tompkins Foundation donated 407,625 hectares of land in the south to the State of Chile, the largest land donation in history, becoming the first step in the creation of the "Patagonia Parks Network."[4].
During the second government of Sebastián Piñera, on September 27, 2018, Law No. 21,108 came into force, which modified Decree Law No. 2,695, seeking to stop the proliferation of irregular subdivisions. Among other things, this law obliges the applicant for land regularization to present a certificate that accounts for the origin of the possession of said property.[4].
On February 14, 2019, Law No. 21,149 was enacted to punish those who prevent access to the beaches.[4] In the same way, on April 26, the government received the “Pumalín” and “Patagonia” national parks from the Tompkins Foundation. This milestone sealed the largest private donation process in the history of Chile.[4].
On April 23, 2020, the Ministry presented a "COVID-19 territorial viewer", open to citizens, which allows access to detailed and georeferenced information on the advance of the virus in the country.[4] This viewer had 3.6 million visits in 2020. Subsequently, the Ministry released a series of viewers that georeference SMEs, national parks, natural and cultural heritage, among others.[4].
On August 24, 2020, the creation of the new Río Clarillo (RM)[Note 1] and Salar del Huasco (Tarapacá) National Parks was announced. On the other hand, on October 13 of the same year, the Ministry of National Assets and the Ministry of Energy together with Corfo signed a collaboration agreement to promote green hydrogen projects on fiscal lands.[4] Likewise, on October 30, National Assets presented the "Modernization Plan" with five axes: simplification and digitalization of processes; a Ministry based on data, guidelines and criteria, internal management, and internal and external communication.[4].
In January 2021, the Ministry handed over the Pereira Palace to the headquarters of the Constitutional Convention, the body in charge of drafting a new Political Constitution of the Republic.[4].
Mission and objectives
According to its website, the Ministry of National Assets has the mission of working for a better quality of life for citizens through:[4].
On the other hand, the institutional work of the organization is organized into four strategic axes:[4].
References
[5] ↑ El 17 de diciembre de 2020, Río Clarillo se transformó en el primer Parque Nacional de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago.