Frank Lloyd Wright (Urban Planner)
Introduction
Broadacre City was an urban development project proposed in 1932 by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. It is a theoretical and utopian project that shows what would be the desirable city for this architect.
Some not yet very mature ideas of the "garden city" of the architect Frederick Law Olmsted and the urban planner Ebenezer Howard had quite a lot in common with the Broadacre City project, except for the absence of the automobile that was developed much later. More recently, the development of Edge City seems like an incomplete and not-so-planned version of Broadacre City.
Presentation of the idea
He first presented the idea in the book "The Disappearing City" in 1932. A few years later, Wright showed a 4 x 4 meter scale model representing a hypothetical Broadacre City, handmade by the intern students who worked for Wright at Taliesin. Many of the buildings in the model were completely designed ex-novo for the project, while others were reinterpretations of old works.
Wright would later refer to the Broadacre City concept in books and articles until his death in 1959.
The project
The city model is based on the criticism of urban industrial civilization, which denied the most authentic human and individual values, and is based on the search for environmental quality recovering the idea of the myth of the frontier (romanticist myth about the availability of "land for all" in the American Old West). In this way, Broadacre City would be a city with a very low density index, extended in all directions, and which, according to Wright, would be found everywhere and nowhere.
It follows an ideal model of territorial occupation based on a grid (similar to that of the cities founded during Jefferson's mandate), with single-family houses distributed on plots of at least one acre in size in which linear communication routes appear and where homogeneity would be altered by facilities (hospitals, cultural centers, leisure centers, administrative buildings, isolated industrial units, etc.). In short, the project is the antithesis of the large cities of Wright's time and the apotheosis of suburban neighborhoods.
It was not only an urban project, but also a sociopolitical one, in which each North American family would inhabit a one-acre quadrangular piece of land "Acre (area unit)") (4046.85 m²) of the federal reserves. Transportation would be primarily by car around the ends of each acre "Acre (unit of area)"), and by foot within it.
Influence
Wright's model had a great impact on theoretical urbanism, although few models were finally built that incorporated ideas from the project. R. W. Lindholm's service station in Cloquet, Minnesota incorporates some of Wright's ideas for Broadacre City.