Foundation erosion concept

Foundation erosion is a process of progressive wear or removal of the soil that supports a structure, caused by the action of natural agents such as water, wind or ground movement. This phenomenon can compromise the stability and safety of buildings by weakening the foundation on which they rest.

This type of erosion mainly affects the superficial and deep foundations, generating voids, differential settlements and loss of bearing capacity. Foundation erosion is considered a significant structural risk and therefore requires accurate diagnosis and appropriate preventive measures to ensure the durability of buildings.

Water action and surface runoff

Water is one of the main agents causing erosion in foundations. Intense rains, surface runoff and the presence of underground currents can remove fine soil particles, generating cavities under the foundations. This process is accentuated in terrain with granular soils, such as sand and gravel, where circulating water facilitates the migration of particles.

Furthermore, water infiltration through cracks or joints in the foundation can accelerate internal erosion, known as scour, which directly affects the stability of the supporting soil. The lack of an adequate drainage system increases vulnerability to these phenomena.

Groundwater movement

Underground currents can cause foundation erosion through the transport of soil particles that surround and support the structure. This phenomenon, called internal erosion or piping, occurs when the flow of water is intense enough to drag fine particles, creating tunnels or voids under the foundation.