Basic concept of forging presses

Forging presses are industrial machines designed to shape metals by applying high mechanical or hydraulic forces. Its main function is to deform a metallic material in a solid state to obtain parts with improved mechanical properties and specific shapes that cannot be achieved by other forming methods.

These presses operate through a compression movement that can be gradual or impact, depending on the type of press, and use dies and tools specially designed for each piece. They are essential in the manufacture of components for sectors such as automotive, aerospace, heavy machinery and construction.

Mechanical presses

Mechanical presses use connecting rod-crank or eccentric mechanisms to transform the rotary motion of the motor into downward linear motion. This type of press is capable of high speed and controlled force strokes, making them suitable for hot forging processes where precision and repeatability are required.

Typically, mechanical presses have capacities ranging from a few tons to several thousand, depending on the design and application. Its speed and force can be adjusted through mechanical and electronic control systems, allowing for efficient and repeatable forging.

A notable advantage of mechanical presses is their high cycle speed, although their maximum force is limited compared to hydraulic presses, making them ideal for medium-sized parts and processes that require speed.

hydraulic presses

Hydraulic presses work by using fluid pressure to generate compression forces on the material to be forged. Unlike mechanical presses, these can exert a constant, adjustable force over an extended period, making them especially useful for large parts or processes that require finer control of deformation.

These presses allow a wider range of forces, which can exceed 10,000 tons, and offer greater flexibility in regulating the speed and pressure of the blow. This is suitable for forging high strength materials or complex geometries.