In construction, the structural element, horizontal (or inclined, in roofs), that supports its own weight and the overloads of use, partitioning, dynamics, etc. is called slab (Hond. concrete slab). These loads are transmitted to the ground through other elements of the structure, such as beams, columns, walls and foundations.
It is part of the horizontal structure of the different floors of a building, being capable of horizontally supporting the various structural elements, allowing not only to transmit vertical but also horizontal loads. This contributes to reducing the translationality of the building and gives it rigidity in that horizontal plane.
Types of forgings
By the way of transmitting the loads:
Construction materials
Contenido
La elección de los materiales del forjado depende del tipo de cargas que tendrá que soportar, la luz (separación entre apoyos), grado de exposición a ambientes agresivos, resistencia al fuego exigida, disponibilidad de los materiales, vida útil estimada, tiempo de ejecución, coste, etc.
Reinforced concrete floors
Reinforced concrete floors are generally made up of concrete beams and joists (reinforced in situ or prefabricated prestressed), vaults (or lightening pieces of ceramic, concrete, etc.), and a concrete compression layer, lightly reinforced by means of a mesh.
Unidirectional slabs are made up of joists (reinforced concrete or metal), vaults (which are mounted between the joists), and a concrete compression layer. The joists transmit the loads from the compression layer to the perimeter beams or straps.
Bidirectional slabs are made up of coffers (or other lightening elements) arranged in a grid; Between and on them, an armor is mounted, made of steel bars called ribs, in both directions. The whole is concreted. The loads are transmitted to the pillars through solid capitals. The coffers are normally removed (recovered), acting as a mold that gives shape to the cavities that remain between the ribs of the slab.
Forged Elements (Prefabricated)
Introduction
In construction, the structural element, horizontal (or inclined, in roofs), that supports its own weight and the overloads of use, partitioning, dynamics, etc. is called slab (Hond. concrete slab). These loads are transmitted to the ground through other elements of the structure, such as beams, columns, walls and foundations.
It is part of the horizontal structure of the different floors of a building, being capable of horizontally supporting the various structural elements, allowing not only to transmit vertical but also horizontal loads. This contributes to reducing the translationality of the building and gives it rigidity in that horizontal plane.
Types of forgings
By the way of transmitting the loads:
Construction materials
Contenido
La elección de los materiales del forjado depende del tipo de cargas que tendrá que soportar, la luz (separación entre apoyos), grado de exposición a ambientes agresivos, resistencia al fuego exigida, disponibilidad de los materiales, vida útil estimada, tiempo de ejecución, coste, etc.
Reinforced concrete floors
Reinforced concrete floors are generally made up of concrete beams and joists (reinforced in situ or prefabricated prestressed), vaults (or lightening pieces of ceramic, concrete, etc.), and a concrete compression layer, lightly reinforced by means of a mesh.
Unidirectional slabs are made up of joists (reinforced concrete or metal), vaults (which are mounted between the joists), and a concrete compression layer. The joists transmit the loads from the compression layer to the perimeter beams or straps.
There are also solid reinforced concrete slabs, which are called "Slab (architecture)" slab. Slabs are the heaviest type of floor slabs, and they support the most load. If the thickness of this slab is reduced, it can work as a sheet. "If the slab is lightened with vaults, it is normally called a reticular slab.
Concrete slabs are the most widespread in Spain, due to the wide and cheap availability of the material. It is the heaviest type of all, but also the most rigid. It can withstand large loads, even with wide spans, it is monolithic, highly resistant to fire and acceptable acoustic insulation.
There are also prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs whose execution time is shorter than conventional ones. They are formed by pre-slabs") or alveolar plates").
Mixed steel and concrete floors
Mixed steel and concrete floors are normally made up of steel beams or joists, a corrugated steel sheet as well, and finally a concrete compression layer, with additional reinforcement. They are usually called collaborative slabs.
They are used when the main structure is made of steel and the floor must resist medium loads. It requires the same protections as a "Cover (construction)" folded sheet metal roof, but the increased resistance conferred by concrete allows it to be used as thin slabs in building floors. If it is used in the formation of a cover, concrete can be avoided.
Wooden forgings
The wooden floor is normally made up of wooden beams and a beam that varies, and can be made of wooden boards, vaults made of plaster or stone.
Before the industrial revolution, wood was the most used material to build beams and joists for floors, due to its availability and workability. The inter-beam was made up of stone or brick vaults. This was the usual way of forming building plans. Today it is out of use in Spain, and is used almost exclusively in single-family homes and unique buildings. In the United States, single-family homes with a wooden structure continue to be built, the floor being made of wooden beams covered with boards, forming a series of boxes.
It has moderate fire resistance, adequately fireproof, despite being a highly combustible material. It is ideal for lights and moderate loads, in addition to being the lightest. It is also capable of large spans thanks to the laminated wood, separating the beams conveniently according to the beam to be placed. However, it is more flexible and deformable than steel or concrete.
Bidirectional slabs are made up of coffers (or other lightening elements) arranged in a grid; Between and on them, an armor is mounted, made of steel bars called ribs, in both directions. The whole is concreted. The loads are transmitted to the pillars through solid capitals. The coffers are normally removed (recovered), acting as a mold that gives shape to the cavities that remain between the ribs of the slab.
There are also solid reinforced concrete slabs, which are called "Slab (architecture)" slab. Slabs are the heaviest type of floor slabs, and they support the most load. If the thickness of this slab is reduced, it can work as a sheet. "If the slab is lightened with vaults, it is normally called a reticular slab.
Concrete slabs are the most widespread in Spain, due to the wide and cheap availability of the material. It is the heaviest type of all, but also the most rigid. It can withstand large loads, even with wide spans, it is monolithic, highly resistant to fire and acceptable acoustic insulation.
There are also prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs whose execution time is shorter than conventional ones. They are formed by pre-slabs") or alveolar plates").
Mixed steel and concrete floors
Mixed steel and concrete floors are normally made up of steel beams or joists, a corrugated steel sheet as well, and finally a concrete compression layer, with additional reinforcement. They are usually called collaborative slabs.
They are used when the main structure is made of steel and the floor must resist medium loads. It requires the same protections as a "Cover (construction)" folded sheet metal roof, but the increased resistance conferred by concrete allows it to be used as thin slabs in building floors. If it is used in the formation of a cover, concrete can be avoided.
Wooden forgings
The wooden floor is normally made up of wooden beams and a beam that varies, and can be made of wooden boards, vaults made of plaster or stone.
Before the industrial revolution, wood was the most used material to build beams and joists for floors, due to its availability and workability. The inter-beam was made up of stone or brick vaults. This was the usual way of forming building plans. Today it is out of use in Spain, and is used almost exclusively in single-family homes and unique buildings. In the United States, single-family homes with a wooden structure continue to be built, the floor being made of wooden beams covered with boards, forming a series of boxes.
It has moderate fire resistance, adequately fireproof, despite being a highly combustible material. It is ideal for lights and moderate loads, in addition to being the lightest. It is also capable of large spans thanks to the laminated wood, separating the beams conveniently according to the beam to be placed. However, it is more flexible and deformable than steel or concrete.