Contenido

Las redes por FO son un modelo de red que permite satisfacer las nuevas y crecientes necesidades de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad demandadas por las empresas operadoras de telecomunicación, todo ello además con la mayor economía posible.

Mediante las nuevas tecnologías, con elementos de red puramente ópticos, se consiguen los objetivos de aumento de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad.

Increased transmission capacity

When the companies in charge of supplying communication needs through FO needed greater capacity between two points, but did not have the necessary technologies or FOs that could carry a greater amount of data, the only option left was to install more FO between these points. But to carry out this solution it was necessary to invest a lot of time and money, or add a greater number of time division multiplexed signals in the same FO, which also has a limit.

It is at this point that wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) provided the obtaining, from a single fiber, of many virtual fibers, transmitting each signal on an optical carrier with a different wavelength. In this way, many signals could be sent through the same FO as if each of these signals traveled on its own fiber. There are basically two types of WDM.

Increased security

Network designers use many network elements to increase fiber capacity since a cut in the FO can have serious consequences.

In the electrical architectures used until now, each element performs its own signal restoration. For a traditional otic fiber system with many channels in one fiber, a fiber break could lead to the failure of many independent systems. However, optical networks can perform protection faster and more economically, performing signal restoration in the optical layer rather than in the electrical layer. Additionally, the optical layer can provide signal restoration capability in networks that currently do not have a protection scheme. Thus, by implementing optical networks, restoration capacity can be added to embedded asynchronous systems without the need to improve electrical protection schemes.

Cost reduction

In systems that use only electrical multiplexing, each point that demultiplexes signals will need an electrical network element for each of the channels, even if they are not passing data on that channel. On the other hand, if what we are using is an optical network, only those wavelengths that upload or download data to a site will need the corresponding electrical node. The other channels can simply pass through optically, thus providing great cost savings on equipment and network administration.

Another of the great economic aspects of optical networks is the ability to take advantage of bandwidth, something that did not happen with simple fibers. To maximize the capacity possible in an FO, utilities can improve their revenue by selling wavelengths, regardless of the data rate (bit rate) needed. For customers, this service provides the same bandwidth as dedicated fiber, among others.

ADSS self-supporting cable

It is a cable designed to be used in aerial structures, commonly electrical or energy distribution networks (poles or towers), it has technical characteristics that allow it to withstand extreme environmental conditions and the installation method is through special supports and clamps.[1]​.

submarine cable

It is a cable designed to remain submerged in water. These cables can reach great distances, which is why they are widely used to connect continents. Inside, in their composition, they have power cables to power the optical amplifiers that are normally part of the communications system and, as they are located at great depths, their maintenance is difficult,[1]​ and underwater robots (ROVs) and ships/crews specially dedicated to these tasks must be used, such as the C/ V Île-de-Bréhat[2]​ or the C/ V León Thevenin.[3]​.

There were some shark attacks on underwater cables that required greater protection for them.[4]​.

OPGW Cable

The OPGW (Optical Ground Wire) cable is a cable that has optical fibers inserted into a tube, in the central core of the ground wire of electrical circuits. Its optical fibers are completely protected and surrounded by heavy ground cables. It is used by electrical companies to provide communications along the routes of high voltage lines (generally mounted on the guard wire[5]​) and has great availability in the information transmission service.[6]​.

Contenido

Las redes por FO son un modelo de red que permite satisfacer las nuevas y crecientes necesidades de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad demandadas por las empresas operadoras de telecomunicación, todo ello además con la mayor economía posible.

Mediante las nuevas tecnologías, con elementos de red puramente ópticos, se consiguen los objetivos de aumento de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad.

Increased transmission capacity

When the companies in charge of supplying communication needs through FO needed greater capacity between two points, but did not have the necessary technologies or FOs that could carry a greater amount of data, the only option left was to install more FO between these points. But to carry out this solution it was necessary to invest a lot of time and money, or add a greater number of time division multiplexed signals in the same FO, which also has a limit.

It is at this point that wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) provided the obtaining, from a single fiber, of many virtual fibers, transmitting each signal on an optical carrier with a different wavelength. In this way, many signals could be sent through the same FO as if each of these signals traveled on its own fiber. There are basically two types of WDM.

Increased security

Network designers use many network elements to increase fiber capacity since a cut in the FO can have serious consequences.

In the electrical architectures used until now, each element performs its own signal restoration. For a traditional otic fiber system with many channels in one fiber, a fiber break could lead to the failure of many independent systems. However, optical networks can perform protection faster and more economically, performing signal restoration in the optical layer rather than in the electrical layer. Additionally, the optical layer can provide signal restoration capability in networks that currently do not have a protection scheme. Thus, by implementing optical networks, restoration capacity can be added to embedded asynchronous systems without the need to improve electrical protection schemes.

Cost reduction

In systems that use only electrical multiplexing, each point that demultiplexes signals will need an electrical network element for each of the channels, even if they are not passing data on that channel. On the other hand, if what we are using is an optical network, only those wavelengths that upload or download data to a site will need the corresponding electrical node. The other channels can simply pass through optically, thus providing great cost savings on equipment and network administration.

Another of the great economic aspects of optical networks is the ability to take advantage of bandwidth, something that did not happen with simple fibers. To maximize the capacity possible in an FO, utilities can improve their revenue by selling wavelengths, regardless of the data rate (bit rate) needed. For customers, this service provides the same bandwidth as dedicated fiber, among others.