Fiber optic networks

Introduction

Fiber optic networks are used in telecommunications and communications networks or computer networks.

Laser emission systems are used in fiber optic (FO) communications networks. Light waves have a high frequency and the ability of a signal to carry information increases with frequency.

In the early days of the FO, LED emitters were also used, although since 2007 they have practically fallen into disuse.

Applications

FO Local Area Networks (commonly abbreviated LAN) are widely used for long-distance communication, providing transcontinental and transoceanic connections, since an advantage of fiber optic systems is the great distance a signal can travel before needing a repeater or regenerator to regain its strength. Currently, repeaters in FO transmission systems are spaced about 100 km apart, compared to approximately 1.5 km in electric systems. Recently developed optical amplifiers can further increase this distance.

An increasingly widespread application of FO is LANs. LANs are made up of a group of computers that can share data, applications and resources, for example printers. Computers on a LAN are separated by distances of up to a few kilometers, and are typically used in offices or college campuses. A LAN enables the rapid and efficient transfer of information between a group of users and reduces operating costs. This system increases the performance of the equipment and easily allows the incorporation of new users to the network. The development of new electro-optical and integrated optics components will further increase the capacity of fiber systems.

Other connected computing resources are wide area networks (WAN) and private branch exchanges (PBX). WANs are similar to LANs, but they connect computers separated by greater distances, located in different short-lived data locations used by most computing applications.

When connecting the WANs it is done through their serial interfaces, to connect router with PC through Ethernet interfaces.

Types of fiber optic cable

ADSS self-supporting cable

Fiber optic networks

Introduction

Fiber optic networks are used in telecommunications and communications networks or computer networks.

Laser emission systems are used in fiber optic (FO) communications networks. Light waves have a high frequency and the ability of a signal to carry information increases with frequency.

In the early days of the FO, LED emitters were also used, although since 2007 they have practically fallen into disuse.

Applications

When connecting the WANs it is done through their serial interfaces, to connect router with PC through Ethernet interfaces.

New technical and economic requirements

Contenido

Las redes por FO son un modelo de red que permite satisfacer las nuevas y crecientes necesidades de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad demandadas por las empresas operadoras de telecomunicación, todo ello además con la mayor economía posible.

Mediante las nuevas tecnologías, con elementos de red puramente ópticos, se consiguen los objetivos de aumento de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad.

Increased transmission capacity

When the companies in charge of supplying communication needs through FO needed greater capacity between two points, but did not have the necessary technologies or FOs that could carry a greater amount of data, the only option left was to install more FO between these points. But to carry out this solution it was necessary to invest a lot of time and money, or add a greater number of time division multiplexed signals in the same FO, which also has a limit.

It is at this point that wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) provided the obtaining, from a single fiber, of many virtual fibers, transmitting each signal on an optical carrier with a different wavelength. In this way, many signals could be sent through the same FO as if each of these signals traveled on its own fiber. There are basically two types of WDM.

Increased security

Network designers use many network elements to increase fiber capacity since a cut in the FO can have serious consequences.

In the electrical architectures used until now, each element performs its own signal restoration. For a traditional otic fiber system with many channels in one fiber, a fiber break could lead to the failure of many independent systems. However, optical networks can perform protection faster and more economically, performing signal restoration in the optical layer rather than in the electrical layer. Additionally, the optical layer can provide signal restoration capability in networks that currently do not have a protection scheme. Thus, by implementing optical networks, restoration capacity can be added to embedded asynchronous systems without the need to improve electrical protection schemes.

Cost reduction

In systems that use only electrical multiplexing, each point that demultiplexes signals will need an electrical network element for each of the channels, even if they are not passing data on that channel. On the other hand, if what we are using is an optical network, only those wavelengths that upload or download data to a site will need the corresponding electrical node. The other channels can simply pass through optically, thus providing great cost savings on equipment and network administration.

Another of the great economic aspects of optical networks is the ability to take advantage of bandwidth, something that did not happen with simple fibers. To maximize the capacity possible in an FO, utilities can improve their revenue by selling wavelengths, regardless of the data rate (bit rate) needed. For customers, this service provides the same bandwidth as dedicated fiber, among others.

New technical and economic requirements

Contenido

Mediante las nuevas tecnologías, con elementos de red puramente ópticos, se consiguen los objetivos de aumento de capacidad de transmisión y seguridad.

Increased transmission capacity

Increased security

Network designers use many network elements to increase fiber capacity since a cut in the FO can have serious consequences.

Navegación

Fiber optic networks

Introduction

Applications

Types of fiber optic cable

ADSS self-supporting cable

Fiber optic networks

Introduction

Applications

submarine cable

OPGW Cable

New technical and economic requirements

Contenido

Increased transmission capacity

Increased security

Cost reduction

References

Types of fiber optic cable

ADSS self-supporting cable

submarine cable

OPGW Cable

New technical and economic requirements

Contenido

Increased transmission capacity

Increased security

Cost reduction

References