Felling and Pruning Permit
Introduction
Bidni, which is also known as Bitni, is an olive cultivar from the Mediterranean island of Malta. The fruit is small in size, abundant with a "purple color",[1] and is famous for its superior oil which is of low acidity.[2] The latter is generally attributed to the poor quality alkaline soil found on the Maltese islands.[3] As a native olive cultivar, the Bidni has developed a unique DNA profile,[4] and is believed to be among the oldest species on the island,[5] leading authorities to Local authorities declare some of these ancient trees "national monuments",[6] and that they have "antiquarian importance",[7] a status enjoyed by only a handful of other species.
Etymology
According to the "Maltese-English Dictionary",[8] the word "Bidni" is derived from "badan", which means "burly", "robust", "to become robust". Bidni ("żebbuġ", olive), is a "large olive tree that produces very small olives." Therefore, the tree is called Bidni because it is "burly". This contradicts several online sources that suggest that the word Bidni originated in the rural village of Bidnija,[9] or that the word means "hunchback" in the Maltese language.[10][11].
Characteristics
In a landmark publication titled "Cultivation and Diseases of Fruit Trees in the Maltese Islands",[5] John Borg (1922), Professor of Natural History, Superintendent of Agriculture and founder of the Government Experimental Farm at Għammieri, described the Bitni as follows:
Decades later, Bitni's disease-resistant qualities still baffle scientists. Described by the Olive Oil Times as a "peculiar local variety",[12] reports seem to suggest that abnormally high levels of oleuropein, a natural antibiotic produced by the tree to protect its fruits and leaves, may be behind this notable characteristic.[13] Bitni oil has been described as "pungent" and "spicy", containing "high polyphenols", a characteristic that differentiates it from other oils.[14][15] A Once fully established, fruit is produced in abundance, up to 60 kilos per tree.[16].