Evacuation study
Introduction
In its most common sense, evacuation refers to the action or effect of removing people from a certain place.[1].
It normally happens in emergencies caused by disasters, whether natural,[2][3] or accident or moisa as well.
An evacuation can occur in different scenarios and in different ways. The purpose of each one is to safeguard the physical integrity of the people involved.
The scenarios may vary depending on the type of problem that occurs and can be classified into two groups which we can identify:
• - Naturally caused scenarios: River overflows, mountain landslides, earthquakes, earthquakes, tidal waves, tornadoes, hurricanes, forest fires, tsunamis, cyclones, risk of volcano eruption, floods, etc. In some cases, public order forces can order evacuation, to avoid putting the lives of the inhabitants as well as the lifeguards at risk.
• - Scenarios where human beings intervene: Wars, contagious diseases, bomb threats, terrorist attacks, overturning of transport with gasoline or some volatile material, risk of explosion, fires, air disasters, car accidents, spill of radioactive material, explosions, etc.
Catastrophe
Contenido
Si una catástrofe es inminente, o bien peligrosamente probable, una evacuación permite salvar las vidas de quienes habiten la zona o, en un caso más general, quienes por un motivo u otro estén en dicho lugar. Los evacuados han de trasladarse a un sitio considerado seguro. Una catástrofe puede forzar una evacuación temporal o definitiva, dependiendo de la naturaleza de la misma.[4].
En caso de que la catástrofe ya hubiese acontecido la evacuación a posterior pudiera realizarse debido a que la zona fuera inhabitable u hostil para la vida humana, o bien por temor a que tal episodio se repita incrementando el número de víctimas.[5].
Examples
• - The city of Pripyat and Chernobyl was evacuated after the cover of the nuclear reactor near the city blew off.
• - The city of Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz was partially evacuated when the overflow of the Salado River flooded a considerable part of it.