Eupalinos Tunnel (Construction)
Introduction
The Eupalinian Tunnel or Eupalinian Aqueduct (Greek: Ευπαλίνιον όρυγμα, Efpalinion orygma) is a 1036 m long tunnel located in Samos, Greece, built in the century BC. C. to serve as an aqueduct. This tunnel is the second known in history that was excavated from both ends (Greek αμφίστομον, amphistomon, 'having two entrances') and the first with a methodical approach in doing so.[1] The Eupalinus tunnel was also the longest tunnel of its time. Today it is a popular tourist attraction.
The Eupalinus tunnel was, along with the Pythagorean and the Hereus of Samos, registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992.[2].
Historical data
In the century BC. C., Samos was ruled by the famous tyrant Polycrates.
During his rule, two groups of workers under the direction of engineer Eupalinus of Megara dug a tunnel through Mount Kastro to build an aqueduct to supply the ancient capital of Samos, modern-day Pythagoreion, with fresh water. This was of the greatest defensive importance, since the aqueduct, running underground, was not easy to be found by an enemy who wanted to cut off the water supply.
The Eupalinus aqueduct was used for a long time, as proven by archaeological finds. It was discovered in 1882-1884 and is currently open to the public.
Herodotus' text
The aqueduct or tunnel of Eupalinus is mentioned by Herodotus:
Topographic techniques
Contenido
El método que empleó Eupalino para hacer que los dos grupos se encontraran en el medio de la montaña, está documentado por Hermann J. Kienast y otros investigadores. Con una longitud de 1036 metros, el subterráneo del acueducto de Eupalino es famoso hoy como una de las obras maestras de la ingeniería de la antigüedad.
Eupalino era consciente de que los errores en la medición podían hacerle perder el punto de encuentro de los dos equipos, horizontalmente o verticalmente. Por lo tanto, empleó las siguientes técnicas:.