Environmental design is the process of addressing the parameters involved in the environment when devising plans, programs, standards, buildings or other products. Cautious classical design may have always considered environmental factors; However, the environmental movement beginning in the 1940s made the concept more explicit.[1].
Environmental design can also refer to that applied to the arts and sciences that have to do with creating an environment specifically designed for man. These fields include Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Geography, Urban Planning, Landscape Architecture, and Interior Design. Environmental design may also include interdisciplinary areas such as historic preservation and flash design. In long-range terms, environmental design has implications for product design: innovative cars, wind-powered electricity generators, solar-powered electricity-generating equipment, and other types of equipment can serve as examples. Currently the term has expanded when applied to ecological and sustainable problems.
History
The first identified concepts of environmental design focused specifically on solar heating, which began in ancient Greece around 500 BC. By this time, most of Greece had exhausted its supplies of fuel wood, giving room for architects to design houses that captured solar energy. The Greeks understood that the position of the Sun varies throughout the year. For a latitude of 40 degrees in the summer, the Sun is visible in the South; At an angle of 70 degrees at the zenith, while in winter, the Sun travels to a lower path with a zenith of 26 degrees. Greek houses were built facing south so that they received little or no sun in the summer but plenty of it during the winter, thus heating the house. Additionally, the southern orientation also protected the house from the cold fronts coming from the North. This ingenious arrangement of buildings influenced the use of a "grid pattern" taken from ancient cities. With the North-South orientation of the houses, the streets of the cities of Greece ran East-West.
The practice of Solar architecture continued with the Romans, who similarly deforested most of their native Italian Peninsula by the first century BC. The Roman heliocaminus, literally 'solar oven', functioned with the same aspects as previous Greek houses. The numerous public baths were oriented towards the south. Roman architects added glass to windows to allow light to pass through and keep interior heat from escaping. The Romans also used greenhouses to increase crops year-round and to grow exotic plants from the furthest reaches of the Empire. Pliny the Elder wrote of greenhouses that supplied Emperor Tiberius' kitchen during the year.[2].
Environmental prevention architecture
Introduction
Environmental design is the process of addressing the parameters involved in the environment when devising plans, programs, standards, buildings or other products. Cautious classical design may have always considered environmental factors; However, the environmental movement beginning in the 1940s made the concept more explicit.[1].
Environmental design can also refer to that applied to the arts and sciences that have to do with creating an environment specifically designed for man. These fields include Architecture, Environmental Engineering, Geography, Urban Planning, Landscape Architecture, and Interior Design. Environmental design may also include interdisciplinary areas such as historic preservation and flash design. In long-range terms, environmental design has implications for product design: innovative cars, wind-powered electricity generators, solar-powered electricity-generating equipment, and other types of equipment can serve as examples. Currently the term has expanded when applied to ecological and sustainable problems.
History
The first identified concepts of environmental design focused specifically on solar heating, which began in ancient Greece around 500 BC. By this time, most of Greece had exhausted its supplies of fuel wood, giving room for architects to design houses that captured solar energy. The Greeks understood that the position of the Sun varies throughout the year. For a latitude of 40 degrees in the summer, the Sun is visible in the South; At an angle of 70 degrees at the zenith, while in winter, the Sun travels to a lower path with a zenith of 26 degrees. Greek houses were built facing south so that they received little or no sun in the summer but plenty of it during the winter, thus heating the house. Additionally, the southern orientation also protected the house from the cold fronts coming from the North. This ingenious arrangement of buildings influenced the use of a "grid pattern" taken from ancient cities. With the North-South orientation of the houses, the streets of the cities of Greece ran East-West.
The practice of Solar architecture continued with the Romans, who similarly deforested most of their native Italian Peninsula by the first century BC. The Roman , literally 'solar oven', functioned with the same aspects as previous Greek houses. The numerous public baths were oriented towards the south. Roman architects added glass to windows to allow light to pass through and keep interior heat from escaping. The Romans also used greenhouses to increase crops year-round and to grow exotic plants from the furthest reaches of the Empire. Pliny the Elder wrote of greenhouses that supplied Emperor Tiberius' kitchen during the year.[2].
Added to the solar orientation of buildings and the use of glass as a solar heat accumulator, the ancestors knew other ways to use solar energy. The Greeks, Romans and Chinese developed curved mirrors that could concentrate the Sun's rays on an object with enough intensity to set it on fire in just a matter of seconds; these solar reflectors were commonly made of polished silver, copper or brass.
The early roots of modern environmental design began at the turn of the century with writer/designer William Morris, who rejected the use of industrialized materials and processes in the wallpaper, fabrics, and books his workshop produced. He and others, such as John Ruskin, felt that the industrial revolution would lead to harm to nature and workers.
Brian Dnitz and Chris Zelov's narrative in their documentary film Ecological Design: Inventing the Future states that in the decades following World War II, "The world was forced to confront the black shadow of science and industry." From the middle of the century, thinkers such as Buckminster Fuller acted as catalysts for a broadening and deepening of the concerns of environmental designers. Today energy efficiency, appropriate technology, organic horticulture and agriculture, land restoration, new urbanism, sustainable energy, ecological and waste systems are recognized and considered options, and an application can be found for each.
By integrating renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, thermal and even geothermal energy into structures, it is possible to create zero-emission buildings), where energy consumption is regenerated and does not pollute. It is also possible to build "renewable energy buildings", which generate more energy than they consume and the excess can be sold to the electrical grid. In the United States, the LEED certification system for green buildings qualifies structures in their sustainable environment.
Examples
Some examples of the environmental design process include the use of computer models to measure the noise barrier and the use of air dispersion models in the analysis and design of urban highways. Designers working according to this outline form of philosophy and practice seek a combination between nature and technology with ecology as the basis for the design. Some believe that conservation, management and regeneration strategies can be applied at all levels of scale from individual construction to community, with benefit to the person, the community and planetary ecosystems.
Specific examples of large-scale environmental design projects include:.
Energy efficient buildings and designs:.
Energy Use (Commercial, Residential, Social):.
Land use and community planning.
Organizations.
Urban Ecology.
Crime prevention.
Innovation in waste treatment:.
Other related topics.
References
[1] ↑ Richard Plunz (ed.), Design and the Public Good : Selected Writings by Serge Chermayeff 1930 -1980, MIT 1982.
Added to the solar orientation of buildings and the use of glass as a solar heat accumulator, the ancestors knew other ways to use solar energy. The Greeks, Romans and Chinese developed curved mirrors that could concentrate the Sun's rays on an object with enough intensity to set it on fire in just a matter of seconds; these solar reflectors were commonly made of polished silver, copper or brass.
The early roots of modern environmental design began at the turn of the century with writer/designer William Morris, who rejected the use of industrialized materials and processes in the wallpaper, fabrics, and books his workshop produced. He and others, such as John Ruskin, felt that the industrial revolution would lead to harm to nature and workers.
Brian Dnitz and Chris Zelov's narrative in their documentary film Ecological Design: Inventing the Future states that in the decades following World War II, "The world was forced to confront the black shadow of science and industry." From the middle of the century, thinkers such as Buckminster Fuller acted as catalysts for a broadening and deepening of the concerns of environmental designers. Today energy efficiency, appropriate technology, organic horticulture and agriculture, land restoration, new urbanism, sustainable energy, ecological and waste systems are recognized and considered options, and an application can be found for each.
By integrating renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, thermal and even geothermal energy into structures, it is possible to create zero-emission buildings), where energy consumption is regenerated and does not pollute. It is also possible to build "renewable energy buildings", which generate more energy than they consume and the excess can be sold to the electrical grid. In the United States, the LEED certification system for green buildings qualifies structures in their sustainable environment.
Examples
Some examples of the environmental design process include the use of computer models to measure the noise barrier and the use of air dispersion models in the analysis and design of urban highways. Designers working according to this outline form of philosophy and practice seek a combination between nature and technology with ecology as the basis for the design. Some believe that conservation, management and regeneration strategies can be applied at all levels of scale from individual construction to community, with benefit to the person, the community and planetary ecosystems.
Specific examples of large-scale environmental design projects include:.
Energy efficient buildings and designs:.
Energy Use (Commercial, Residential, Social):.
Land use and community planning.
Organizations.
Urban Ecology.
Crime prevention.
Innovation in waste treatment:.
Other related topics.
References
[1] ↑ Richard Plunz (ed.), Design and the Public Good : Selected Writings by Serge Chermayeff 1930 -1980, MIT 1982.