Definition and general context

The production and distribution of energy constitutes a fundamental pillar in the development of modern societies and their economies. Energy, in its different forms, is necessary to power everything from industrial infrastructure to homes, transportation and essential services. This process covers the generation of energy from various sources, its transformation and its subsequent transportation and delivery to the final consumer.

The study of energy production and distribution includes technical, economic and environmental aspects, and is key to guaranteeing an efficient, safe and sustainable supply. The energy transition, driven by the need to mitigate climate change and promote renewable resources, has generated a profound transformation in this sector.

Non-renewable energy sources

Non-renewable energy sources are those that come from finite resources and whose availability decreases over time. Among the main ones are fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal. These resources have been the traditional basis for electricity generation and energy production globally.

The combustion of these fuels generates large amounts of thermal energy, which is used to drive turbines and generate electricity. However, its use implies important environmental impacts, mainly the emission of greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.

Furthermore, the extraction and processing of these sources involves complex industrial processes that can cause contamination of soil, water and air, as well as risks to human health. Reliance on these sources poses challenges in terms of sustainability and energy security.

Renewable energy sources

Renewable energy sources are characterized by being inexhaustible on a human scale and having a lower environmental impact. These include solar, wind, hydraulic, biomass and geothermal energy. These sources are acquiring great relevance in the global energy transition.