Energy optimization by AI
Introduction
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0 or Industrial Revolution Stage Four, is a periodization proposal that maintains that the technological advances implemented since the second decade of the century formed a new stage of industrial transformation, the fourth, since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the century and for some the most important. The proposal supports productive innovation at this stage and is characterized by the fusion of technologies and the disintegration of the borders between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.[1] Various authors have criticized the hypothesis of the existence of a fourth industrial revolution, both conceptually, historically and socially, and have even argued that it is a commercial slogan created by Klaus Schwab to sell his book, titled with that expression.[2][3][4].
The concept Fourth Industrial Revolution was coined by Klaus Schwab founder of the World Economic Forum in the context of the 2016 edition of the World Economic Forum. Schwab argues that if the third industrial revolution is the digital revolution, which has been in force since mid-century and is characterized by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital and biological spheres, this fourth stage is marked by emerging technological advances in a number of fields, including robotics, artificial intelligence, blockchain, nanotechnology, quantum computing, biotechnology, internet of things, 3D printing, and autonomous vehicles.[5] Klaus Schwab also associates it with the "second machine age").
According to this periodization, "Industry 4.0" is the current trend of automation and data exchange, particularly within the framework of manufacturing and development technologies. It mainly includes cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things and cloud computing.[6][7][8].
Create what are known as "smart factories." Within the modular structure of such a factory, cyber-physical systems control physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world, and make decentralized decisions. In the Internet of Things, cyberphysical systems communicate and cooperate with each other as well as with humans in real time and via the Internet. Both internal and organizational services are offered and used by value chain participants[6].