Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectric plants produced almost 80% of the electrical energy consumed in Brazil (currently 60%).[8]​ Brazil has the third largest hydroelectric potential, after Russia and China.[9]​ At the end of 2021, Brazil was the 2nd country in the world in installed hydroelectric power (109.4 GW).[10]​.

wind energy

In July 2022, Brazil reached 22 GW of installed wind power.[11]​[12]​[13]​ In 2021, Brazil was the seventh country in the world in terms of installed wind power (21 GW),[14]​[15]​ and the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), only behind China, the US and Germany.[16]​.

The wind is more intense from June to December, coinciding with the months of lower rainfall intensity. This places wind power as a potential complementary energy source to hydroelectric power.[17]​.

While the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) was taking place in Copenhagen, Brazil's National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) held the country's first all-wind energy auction. On December 14, 2009, around 1,800 megawatts (MW) were contracted with energy from 71 wind plants whose delivery is scheduled to begin on July 1, 2012. The 716 MW Lagoa dos Ventos plant began operating in 2021.[18]​.

Solar energy

In October 2022, Brazil reached 21 GW of installed solar power.[19]​ In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),[20]​ and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).[21]​.

The largest solar plants in Brazil consist of the Ituverava and Nova Olinda plants. The Ituverava solar plant produces 254 MW and the Nova Olinda plant produces 292 MW.[22]​.

Brazil's ethanol program began in 1975, when high oil prices choked the economy. Sugar cane was an obvious candidate, given Brazil's large amount of arable land and favorable climate.[23]​.

The importance of ethanol in Brazil's domestic transportation fuel market is expected to increase in the future. According to Petrobras, ethanol accounts for more than 50% of current light vehicle fuel demand and the company expects this to increase to more than 80% by 2020. As ethanol production continues to grow faster than domestic demand, Brazil has sought to increase ethanol exports. According to industry sources, Brazil's ethanol exports reached 86,000 bbl/d in 2008, with 13,000 bbl/d destined for the United States. Brazil is the largest exporter of ethanol in the world and has more than 90% of the world export market.[24]​.

In 2020, Brazil was the second country in the world in energy production through biomass "Biomass (energy)") (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15.2 GW installed.[25]​.

Biomass is a source of clean energy used in Brazil. It reduces environmental pollution since it uses organic waste, agricultural remains, wood chips or vegetable oil. Waste cane, with its high energy value, has been used to produce electricity.[26]​ More than 1 million people in the country work in biomass production, and this energy represents 27% of Brazil's energy matrix.[27]​.

The European Investment Bank provided a loan of 200 million euros starting in 2021 to support renewable energy projects, specifically to establish a wind farm and a solar power plant.[28][29][30]​ This will support a series of onshore wind farms divided into two groups, in the states of Paraíba, Piauí and Bahia. A photovoltaic solar plant will be built 10 km from the Paraíba wind farm, with a total capacity of 574 MW (425 MW wind and 149 MW solar).[30]​.

• - This work contains a translation derived from “Renewable energy in Brazil” from English Wikipedia, published by its editors under the GNU Free Documentation License and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Hydroelectricity

Hydroelectric plants produced almost 80% of the electrical energy consumed in Brazil (currently 60%).[8]​ Brazil has the third largest hydroelectric potential, after Russia and China.[9]​ At the end of 2021, Brazil was the 2nd country in the world in installed hydroelectric power (109.4 GW).[10]​.

wind energy

In July 2022, Brazil reached 22 GW of installed wind power.[11]​[12]​[13]​ In 2021, Brazil was the seventh country in the world in terms of installed wind power (21 GW),[14]​[15]​ and the 4th largest producer of wind energy in the world (72 TWh), only behind China, the US and Germany.[16]​.

The wind is more intense from June to December, coinciding with the months of lower rainfall intensity. This places wind power as a potential complementary energy source to hydroelectric power.[17]​.

While the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP15) was taking place in Copenhagen, Brazil's National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) held the country's first all-wind energy auction. On December 14, 2009, around 1,800 megawatts (MW) were contracted with energy from 71 wind plants whose delivery is scheduled to begin on July 1, 2012. The 716 MW Lagoa dos Ventos plant began operating in 2021.[18]​.

Solar energy

In October 2022, Brazil reached 21 GW of installed solar power.[19]​ In 2021, Brazil was the 14th country in the world in terms of installed solar power (13 GW),[20]​ and the 11th largest producer of solar energy in the world (16.8 TWh).[21]​.

The largest solar plants in Brazil consist of the Ituverava and Nova Olinda plants. The Ituverava solar plant produces 254 MW and the Nova Olinda plant produces 292 MW.[22]​.

Brazil's ethanol program began in 1975, when high oil prices choked the economy. Sugar cane was an obvious candidate, given Brazil's large amount of arable land and favorable climate.[23]​.

The importance of ethanol in Brazil's domestic transportation fuel market is expected to increase in the future. According to Petrobras, ethanol accounts for more than 50% of current light vehicle fuel demand and the company expects this to increase to more than 80% by 2020. As ethanol production continues to grow faster than domestic demand, Brazil has sought to increase ethanol exports. According to industry sources, Brazil's ethanol exports reached 86,000 bbl/d in 2008, with 13,000 bbl/d destined for the United States. Brazil is the largest exporter of ethanol in the world and has more than 90% of the world export market.[24]​.

In 2020, Brazil was the second country in the world in energy production through biomass "Biomass (energy)") (energy production from solid biofuels and renewable waste), with 15.2 GW installed.[25]​.

Biomass is a source of clean energy used in Brazil. It reduces environmental pollution since it uses organic waste, agricultural remains, wood chips or vegetable oil. Waste cane, with its high energy value, has been used to produce electricity.[26]​ More than 1 million people in the country work in biomass production, and this energy represents 27% of Brazil's energy matrix.[27]​.

The European Investment Bank provided a loan of 200 million euros starting in 2021 to support renewable energy projects, specifically to establish a wind farm and a solar power plant.[28][29][30]​ This will support a series of onshore wind farms divided into two groups, in the states of Paraíba, Piauí and Bahia. A photovoltaic solar plant will be built 10 km from the Paraíba wind farm, with a total capacity of 574 MW (425 MW wind and 149 MW solar).[30]​.

• - This work contains a translation derived from “Renewable energy in Brazil” from English Wikipedia, published by its editors under the GNU Free Documentation License and the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.